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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 1- Chapter 65 ✔️ > Flashcards

(3) Exam 1- Chapter 65 ✔️ Flashcards

0
Q

Process of osteoarthritis

A

New joint tissue forms in response to cartilage destruction ➡️ cartilage becomes dull, yellow, granular, soft, less elastic and less able to resist wear with heavy use ➡️ fissuring/erosion of articular surface ➡️ formation of osteophytes (bone spurs) ➡️ incongruity in joint surface creates and an even distribution of stress across the joint.

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1
Q

What is the most common form of joint disease in North America

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

What type of education is needed with osteoarthritis due to an even distribution of stress across the joint

A

Education in motion

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3
Q

How many Americans are affected by osteoarthritis

A

27 million

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4
Q

How many joints does osteoarthritis usually affect

A

1 to 2 joints

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5
Q

Is osteoarthritis considered a normal part of aging

A

No, osteoarthritis is not considered a normal part of aging

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6
Q

Cartilage distraction and osteoarthritis begins between ages 20 and 30 but symptoms do not manifest until after age

A

50–60

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7
Q

50% of what age group have at least one joint affected by osteoarthritis

A

People older than 65 years

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8
Q

🚬What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis

A

▪️Increased age ▪️Estrogen production at menopause ▪️Obesity ▪️Injury ▪️Frequent kneeling and stooping

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9
Q

What can help prevent osteoarthritis

A

Regular exercise

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10
Q

What injury has been linked to increased risk of knee osteoarthritis

A

Interior cruciate ligament (ACL)

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11
Q

😰What is the predominant symptom of osteoarthritis and the typical reason for seeking medical attention

A

Joint pain

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12
Q

Early stages of osteoarthritis is relieved by

A

Rest

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13
Q

😰Clinical manifestations of late stages of osteoarthritis

A

Pain with rest.

Sleep is disturbed due to pain and increased joint discomfort

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14
Q

😰What systemic manifestations are present with osteoarthritis

A

Systemic manifestations such as fatigue, fever, and organ involvement are NOT present with osteoarthritis

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15
Q

When is joint stiffness common in osteoarthritis and how long does it usually take to relieve

A

Early morning and is usually related within 30 minutes

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16
Q

Is osteoarthritis symmetrical or asymmetrical

A

Usually affects joints asymmetrically

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17
Q

In osteoarthritis when is sitting and getting up from a chair more difficult

A

When hips are lower than knees

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18
Q

What can temporarily increase stiffness in osteoarthritis

A

Overactivity

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19
Q

Osteoarthritis pain may be referred to what areas

A

The groin, buttock, or medial side of thigh or knee

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20
Q

😰Crepitation is a common clinical manifestation of

A

Osteoarthritis

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21
Q

What is crepitation

A

A grading sensation

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22
Q

What type of red, swollen, and tender nodes are common in osteoarthritis

A

Heberden’s and Bouchard’s

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23
Q

💺What diagnostic studies detect early joint changes in osteoarthritis

A

Bone scan, CT, MRI

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24
Q

💺What type of diagnostic study differentiates between osteoarthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis

A

Synovial fluid analysis

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25
Q

💺What diagnostic study is helpful in confirming osteoarthritis and staging the progression by detecting joint space narrowing the, bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation

A

X-ray

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26
Q

💉What abnormal laboratory results are found with osteoarthritis

A

There are no specific lab abnormalities.

Wbc <2000 – mild leukocytosis

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27
Q

😷 What care is needed during acute inflammation of osteoarthritis

A

Rest

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28
Q

📚 What needs to be avoided with knee osteoarthritis

A

Prolonged standing, kneeling, squatting

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29
Q

😷 Balance rest and activity with Osteoarthritis. Rest is needed during acute inflammation but immobilization should not exceed

A

One week

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30
Q

😷When is heat application such as hot packs, whirlpool baths, ultrasound and paraffin wax baths needed in osteoarthritis

A

Stiffness

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31
Q

😷 When are cold applications needed for osteoarthritis

A

Ice for Acute inflammation

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32
Q

What type of exercises are encouraged with osteoarthritis💪

A

Aerobic conditioning, our ROM exercises and quadriceps strengthening

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33
Q

What type of movement therapies are suggested with osteoarthritis💪

A

Yoga and tai chi

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34
Q

💊Drug therapy to relieve pain in osteoarthritis

A

Acetaminophen

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35
Q

💊How is acetaminophen prescribed in osteoarthritis

A

1000 MG Q6 with daily dose not exceeding 4G

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36
Q

💊What OTC topical agents may be used with osteoarthritis

A 
Capsaicin cream (Zostix)
Topical Salicylates (Aspercreme)
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37
Q

💊Drug used if acetaminophen does not relieve pain in osteoarthritis

A

NSAID’s (Ibuprofen)

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38
Q

💊What may be given for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis that is given in three weekly injections in the joint space

A

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Viscosupplementation

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39
Q

💊What type of drugs may be given to slow the progression of osteoarthritis

A

Disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOAD’s)

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40
Q

💊What intra-articular injections may be given with osteoarthritis

A

Corticosteroid

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41
Q

💊What COX-2 inhibitor maybe prescribed with osteoarthritis

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

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42
Q

💺What procedures do you want to teach the patient with osteoarthritis about that they may need in the future

A

Arthroscopy / replacement

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43
Q

📚Discharge and home care teachings for the patient with osteoarthritis

A

Use correct posture/body mechanics
Keep joints in functional position
Sleep w/ rolled terrycloth towel under cervical spine if neck pain

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44
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by

A

Inflammation

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45
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis is progressive deterioration of

A

Connected tissue (synovium) of the joints

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46
Q

Is rheumatoid arthritis chronic or acute

A

Chronic, systemic autoimmune disease

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47
Q

What is the exact cause of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Exact cause is unknown

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48
Q

🚬Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis increase with age but peek at what years

A

30 - 50 years

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49
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis affects how many Americans

A

1.3 million

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50
Q

🚬What gender is more likely to have rheumatoid arthritis 👫

A

Women

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51
Q

What disease has bilateral and symmetrical joint involvement

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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52
Q

🚬What is a major risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis

A

▪️Positive family history

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53
Q

Severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis may require

A

Joint replacement

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54
Q

Autoimmune etiology suggest that changes associated with rheumatoid arthritis begin when a genetically susceptible person has an initial immune response to antigen that triggers the formations of

A

An abnormal immunoglobulin G (IgG)

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55
Q

💉Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against the abnormal IgG. The autoantibodies are known as

A

Rheumatoid factor (RF)

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56
Q

What bacteria or virus has been proposed as a possible antigen for rheumatoid arthritis

A

To date, no infection or organism has been identified as the cause

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57
Q

😰Nonspecific clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

A 
Joint deformity
Anorexia (weight loss)
Generalized weakness
Morning stiffness
Fatigue
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58
Q

😰 Clinical manifestations of bilateral inflammation rheumatoid arthritis

A 
Decreased ROM
Warmth
Edema
Erythema (redness of skin) 
Joint pain
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59
Q

How long does morning stiffness last with rheumatoid arthritis

A

For 60 minutes to several hours or more

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60
Q

😰In the early disease process of rheumatoid arthritis what shape is seen in the fingers

A

Spindle-shaped fingers

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61
Q

😰Effusion (escape the fluid into body cavity) is common in what disease

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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62
Q

Malalignment and ankylosis are often evidence of what in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Advanced disease

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63
Q

😰As a extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis what appears subcutaneous as firm, nontender, granuloma type mass that is usually located over exterior surface of joints such as fingers and elbows

A

Rheumatoid nodules

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64
Q

At what location are rheumatoid nodules common in older adults

A

Base of spine and back

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65
Q

What can result from scleral nodules in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Cataract development and loss of vision

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66
Q

💉An increase in ESR and CRP in rheumatoid arthritis indicate

A

Active inflammation

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67
Q

💉In what disease is ANA present

A

Rheumatoid arthritis & Lupus

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68
Q

💺In rheumatoid arthritis, joint space narrowing is indicated by what exam

A

Arthroscopic Exam (provides joint visualization)

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69
Q

💺Arthrocentesis of rheumatoid arthritis show results of

A

Abnormal synovial fluid

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70
Q

📚During collaborative care of rheumatoid arthritis patient teaching should focus on

A

Drug therapy – methotrexate/steroids
Disease process
Home management strategies

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71
Q

💊What are used to promote physical comfort in rheumatoid arthritis

A

NSAID’s

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72
Q

What does physical therapy do for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Helps patient maintain joint movement and muscle strength

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73
Q

What does occupational therapy do for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Develops upper extremity function and encourages joint protection using splints or assistive devices

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74
Q

💊What drugs are used for early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

A

DMARD’s and methotrexate

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75
Q

💊What is taught to the patient taking methotrexate, sulfasalazine, Or leflunomide

A

The drugs are teratogenic. Possibility of pregnancy must be excluded

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76
Q

💊What drugs for rheumatoid arthritis require administration of TB test and a chest x-ray before initiation of therapy

A

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF)

77
Q

💊What do you teach the patients taking TNF drugs for rheumatoid arthritis

A

Stop drug if acute infection develops and avoid live vaccinations while taking the drug

78
Q

💊What drug should not be taken with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Tylenol

79
Q

To manage pain, when do you want to plan care for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Plan care around patients morning stiffness and perform activities during time of day when patient feels most energetic

80
Q

Non drug pain management for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Moist heat compresses
Whirlpool baths
Hot showers in the morning
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Alternating scheduled rest periods with activity throughout the day to help relieve fatigue and pain

81
Q

Diversionary activities for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

Imaging
Distraction
Self hypnosis
Biofeedback

82
Q

For joint protection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis what may be prescribed to rest an inflamed joint and prevent deformity from muscle spasms and contractures

A

Lightweight splint

83
Q

When do you want to remove and reapply splints for rheumatoid arthritis

A

Remove splints at regular intervals to give skin care and perform ROM

Reapply splints as prescribed after assessment

84
Q

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis encourage use of assistive devices such as

A 
Build up utensils
Shower chair
Velcro shoes
Raised toilet seat
Cane/walker/wheelchair
Reachers
Straight back chair with elevated seat
Buttonhooks
Modified drawer handles
Lightweight plastic dishes
85
Q

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, how many hours of sleep is necessary in addition to daytime rest

A

8–10 hours of sleep

86
Q

📚Energy conservation techniques taught to patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A 
Simplification techniques
Joint protection devices (electric can opener) use whenever possible
Delegation to family members
Use of carts
Pacing and organizing
87
Q

What type of therapy is needed for assistive devices

A

Occupational therapy

88
Q

Classifications of primary gout

A

Hereditary

Overproduction/retention of uric acid

89
Q

What are the classifications of secondary gout

A

Related to another acquire disorder

90
Q

What type of gout accounts for 90% of all cases and is predominately in middle-aged men

A

Primary gout

91
Q

🚬What are the risk factors for gout

A

▪️Obesity in men ▪️Family history ▪️Excessive alcohol consumption ▪️Diuretics ▪️Purine rich foods

92
Q

🚬Gout is most common in what ethnicity and gender 👫

A

African-American males

93
Q

🚬Why are diuretics a risk factor for gout

A

Causes concentration of body fluid which increases risk of developing uric acid crystals

94
Q

🍓What foods are high in purine

A

▪️Shellfish / Fish / Sardines / Crabs / Shrimp
▪️Red and organ meats- Beef, chicken, pork
▪️Wine / Beer ▪️Lentils ▪️Asparagus ▪️Spinach

95
Q

What type of foods will not cause gout, but can trigger an acute attack if the person is susceptible to gout

A

Purine- rich foods

96
Q

In the acute phase, gouty arthritis may be precipitated by what type of triggers

A

Trauma
Surgery
Alcohol ingestion
Systemic infection

97
Q

😰 What is the most common initial manifestation in acute gout

A

Inflammation of the big toe

98
Q

😰 Onset of acute gout symptoms usually occur at night with what manifestations

A

Low-grade fever
Sudden swelling
Excruciating pain

99
Q

😰 In acute gout, joints are extremely tender and appear

A

Dusky and cyanotic

100
Q

What is the appearance of the affected joint after acute gout subsides

A

Joint usually returns to normal

101
Q

Individual attacks of acute gout, treated or untreated, usually subside in how many days

A

2–10 days

102
Q

Chronic gout is characterized by

A

Multiple joint involvement and visible deposits of sodium urate crystals (tophi) after many years of the onset of gout

103
Q

Chronic gout can result in

A

▪️Joint deformity ▪️Skin breakdown / infection ▪️Cartilage destruction
▪️Predisposition to secondary osteoarthritis do to cartilage destruction

104
Q

What type of gout can range from infrequent mild attacks to multiple severe episodes associated with progressive disability

A

Chronic gout

105
Q

💉As chronic gout progresses what serum levels increase

A

Serum uric acid levels

106
Q

💉Although not specifically diagnostic, serum uric acid increases to what level in gout

A

Serum uric acid increases above 6 mg/dL

107
Q

💺What test determines if gout is caused by decreased renal excretion or overproduction of uric acid

A

Elevated 24 hour urine uric acid

108
Q

💺X-rays are normal in early stages of gout, but what may appear in chronic disease

A

Tophi

109
Q

💊What anti-inflammatory agent may be given with gout

A

Colchicine

110
Q

💊What drugs may be given with acute gout

A

Colchicine

NSAID’s (acetaminophen) for pain

111
Q

💊What medications may be given to prevent further attacks of gout

A

Allopurinol
Probenecid
Febuxostat (Uloric)

112
Q

💊In gout, joint aspiration may be performed along with

A

Intra-articular corticosteroids

113
Q

😷Can you use heat and cold applications with gout

A

Yes, application of heat and cold are nursing implementations of gout

114
Q

😷 Nursing Management of Gout

A

Immobilize Joint
Application of Heat and Cold
NSAID’s / Analgesics

115
Q

What type of arthritis can travel from another site of active infection or be introduced directly through trauma or surgery

A

Septic arthritis

116
Q

What joints are most frequently involved and septic arthritis

A

Leg joints (knee and hip)

117
Q

💺How is the diagnosis of septic arthritis determined

A

Aspiration of the joint and culture of synovial fluid

118
Q

💊 What prompt drug treatment is used to prevent joint destruction/bone loss in septic arthritis

A

Broad-spectrum antibiotics until the organism is identified

119
Q

How long does treatment last for septic arthritis

A

2–8 weeks

120
Q

💺What type of procedure may be required with septic arthritis

A

Local aspiration and surgical drainage

121
Q

🚬What gender is more likely to have ankylosing spondylitis 👫

A

Men 3–5 Times more likely than women

122
Q

The onset of ankylosing spondylitis is prior to what age

A

40

123
Q

How many people does ankylosing spondylitis effect

A

7 in 100,000

124
Q

🚬What race has a higher incidence of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Caucasians

125
Q

🚬The mechanism of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown but there is what type of predisposition

A

Genetic predisposition

126
Q

😰 Clinical manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Low back pain
Postural deformity
Stiffness
Limitation of motion

127
Q

😰 In ankylosing spondylitis when does limitation of motion worsen and improve

A

Worse at night and in the morning. Improves with mild activity

128
Q

💉In laboratory testing what is present in ankylosing spondylosis

A

HLA-B27

129
Q

Psoriatic arthritis effects what percentage of the 3 million people with psoriasis

A

10%

130
Q

What is the cause of Psoriatic arthritis

A

Exact cause is unknown but appears to have a genetic link

131
Q

💺X-ray of Psoriatic arthritis reveals cartilage loss and erosion that resembles

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

132
Q

😰Manifestations of Psoriatic arthritis

A

Arthritis of hands/feet
Asymmetric arthritis of extremities
Symmetric arthritis resembles rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis of SI (Sacroiliac- Sacrum & Iliac) joints/Spine

133
Q

😷 Nursing Management for Psoriatic arthritis

A

▪️Splinting
▪️Joint protection
▪️Physical therapy

134
Q

💊Drug therapy treatment for Psoriatic arthritis

A

▪️️NSAID’s

▪️DMARD’s - methotrexate

135
Q

What is most often implicated in sexually-transmitted reactive arthritis

A

Chlamydia

136
Q

🚬What positive test results has increased risk of developing reactive arthritis after sexual contact or exposure to certain pathogens

A

HLA-B27

137
Q

💊What drug is used to treat chlamydia infection of patients in their partners

A

Doxycycline

138
Q

Systemic lupus erythematous is characterized by

A

Chronic and unpredictable course with altering exacerbations and remission

139
Q

What is the cause of systemic lupus erythematous

A

Etiology is unknown

140
Q

What are the leading causes of death in systemic lupus erythematous

A

Kidney involvement

Cardiac involvement

141
Q

🚬What factors trigger systemic lupus erythematous

A

▪️Sunlight ▪️Stress ▪️Pregnancy ▪️Drugs

142
Q

🚬What is the most common factor that triggers systemic lupus erythematous

A

Sunlight and sunburns

143
Q

How many people in the US have systemic lupus erythematous

A

2-8 per 100,000

144
Q

🚬What gender is more likely to have systemic lupus erythematous👫

A

Women are 10 times more likely

145
Q

In what years is systemic lupus erythematous most likely to occur

A

During childbearing years

146
Q

🚬What disease sometimes occurs after the onset of menarche, with the use of oral contraceptives, and during and after pregnancy

A

Systemic lupus erythematous

147
Q

When does systemic lupus erythematous tend to worsen

A

In the immediate postpartum period

148
Q

In systemic lupus erythematous what may serve as a stimulus for immune hyperactivity

A

Infectious agents

149
Q

What organs can be affected by the accumulation of circulating immune complexes in systemic lupus erythematous

A

Any organ

150
Q

😰What are the symptoms/generalize complaints of systemic lupus erythematous

A

▪️Fever ▪️Limitation of motion ▪️Weight-loss
▪️Arthralgia (joint pain) ▪️Excessive fatigue
▪️Serous Membranes

151
Q

😰What Serous Membranes may occur with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Pleurisy (inflammation of the lining around the lungs associated with sharp chest pain upon inhalation)

Pericardium (enclosing the heart)

152
Q

😰What classic rash may appear over the cheeks in bridge of the nose in systemic lupus erythematous

A

Butterfly rash

153
Q

😰What dermatologic problems may occur with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Butterfly rash

Alopecia (hair loss)

154
Q

😰What renal system problems may occur with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Nephritis (Inflammation of the Kidneys)

155
Q

What is the most common central nervous system problems associated with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Seizures

156
Q

💉What are hematologic system problems associated with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Anemia
Mild leukopenia- ⬇️WBC
Thrombocytopenia – deficiency of platelets in blood

157
Q

How is systemic lupus erythematous diagnosed

A

Diagnosed primarily on criteria related to history, physical examination, and laboratory findings

158
Q

💉Although there is no specific test to diagnose systemic lupus erythematous, what abnormalities may be present in the blood

A

▪️ANA – present and 97% of persons with disease

▪️Anti- DNA ▪️Antinuclear Antibodies ▪️Anti-Smith (Sm)

159
Q

💊Why would Procainamide and Hydralazine be given to patients with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Seizures

160
Q

💊What drugs may be given in systemic lupus erythematous for polyarthralgia or polyarthritis

A

NSAID’s

161
Q

💊What steroid sparing drug may be given with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Methotrexate

162
Q

💊What type of drug may be given to treat fatigue and moderate skin and joint problems in patients with systemic lupus erythematous

A

Antimalarial Agents

163
Q

💊What drugs may be given for severe cutaneous systemic lupus erythematous

A

Corticosteroids

164
Q

😰Upon assessment of what disease would you find dry, scaly rash on face/upper body, fever, joint pain/decreased mobility, pleural effusion (Excess fluid around lungs), nephritis (Inflammation of Kidneys), Pericarditis, abdominal pain, photosensitivity, and hypertension

A

Systemic lupus erythematous

165
Q

😰What is the most common initial complaint in limited scleroderma

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon (Excessively reduced blood flow more common in fingers and toes. Feel numb and cool)

166
Q

😰What connective tissue disease manifests violet colored, cyanotic, or erythematous rash

A

Dermatomycosis (DM)

167
Q

90% of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome or what gender👫

A

Female

168
Q

😰What disease has manifestations of dry eyes – decreased hearing, gritty sensation in the eyes, burning, blurred vision, and photosensitivity

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

169
Q

Fibromyalgia affects how many Americans

A

> 5 million

170
Q

75-90% with fibromyalgia or what gender👫

A

Female

171
Q

What disorder involves neuroendocrine/neurotransmitter dysfunction

A

Fibromyalgia

172
Q

Fibromyalgia can accompany what dysfunction

A

TMJ- Temporomandibular joint

173
Q

😰In what disorder is it often difficult for the patient to discriminate if the pain occurs in the muscles, joints, or soft tissue

A

Fibromyalgia

174
Q

😰Clinical manifestations of fibromyalgia

A

▪️Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
▪️Widespread burning pain that worsens & improves through the day
▪️Head or facial pain
▪️Difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, feeling of being overwhelmed
▪️Sensitive to pain stimuli throughout the body
▪️Non-restorative sleep
▪️Abnormal sensory processing
▪️Paresthesia (numbness/tingling in hands and feet)
▪️Restless leg syndrome
▪️Difficulty swallowing
▪️Increased frequency of urination and urinary urgency
▪️Difficult menstruation
▪️Anxiety / depression
▪️Migraine headaches

175
Q

It is difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis for fibromyalgia, but what may cause delays and diagnosis and treatment

A

Lack of knowledge about the disease and is manifestations among healthcare providers

176
Q

💺Muscle biopsy of fibromyalgia may reveal

A

Nonspecific moth-eaten appearance or fiber atrophy

177
Q

Fibromyalgia is diagnosed if what two criteria are met

A

▪️Pain/tenderness and 11 of the 18 tender points of palpation.
▪️Widespread pain > 3 months

178
Q

💉Why are diagnostic labs drawn with fibromyalgia

A

Rule out other suspected disorders

179
Q

The treatment for fibromyalgia is symptomatic and requires a high level of

A

Patient motivation

180
Q

💊Drug therapy for patients with fibromyalgia that have chronic pain

A

Non-opioid analgesics

181
Q

💊Drug therapy for fibromyalgia

A

▪️Non-opioid analgesics ▪️SSRI or benzodiazepines
▪️Low dose tricyclic antidepressants ▪️Muscle relaxants
▪️Zolpidem (Ambien) ▪️Vitamin and mineral supplements

182
Q

📚Teach patients with fibromyalgia to limit the consumption of

A

Sugar, caffeine, and alcohol

183
Q

Exercise recommended for fibromyalgia💪

A

▪️Low impact aerobics exercises such as walking

▪️Yoga or tai chi

184
Q

👉RANDOM👈
Are the following musculoskeletal disorders more common in men or woman
▪️Gout ▪️Reactive arthritis ▪️Osteoarthritis before age 50
▪️Ankylosing spondylitis ▪️Paget’s disease
▪️Muscular Dystrophy ▪️Indirect Osteomyelitis

A

MEN

Indirect Osteomyelitis (Boys<12)

185
Q

👉RANDOM👈
Are the following musculoskeletal disorders more common in men or woman
▪️Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ▪️Osteoporosis
▪️Rheumatoid Arthritis ▪️Sjogren’s ▪️Fibromyalgia

A

WOMAN

186
Q

👉RANDOM👈

🍓To prevent constipation after surgery PO fluids are increased to how many ml/per day unless contraindicated

A

2500 mL/day

187
Q

👉RANDOM👈

To reduce edema after endoscopy what do you want to teach the patient to do for the first 24 hours

A

Ice extremity (no heat)

188
Q

👉RANDOM👈

What are the 5 P’s when performing neurovascular checks

A

▪️Pain ▪️Pallor ▪️Pulse ▪️Paresthesia ▪️Paralysis

☝️If you add “▪️Pressure” to the list, you have the manifestations of Compartment Syndrome.

189
Q

👉RANDOM👈
In what disorder is there a gradual decrease in respiratory function that leads to use of a CPAP and eventually the need for tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation to sustain respiratory function

A

Muscular Dystrophy

190
Q

👉RANDOM👈
💺If a woman has a bone scan before age 65 as recommended and the results are normal, how long before another scan is needed

A

15 years

From Flashcardlet (47 decks)

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