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from flashcardlet > (3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #3- Hypertension > Flashcards

(3) Exam 3-❤️ Lecture #3- Hypertension Flashcards

0
Q

Hypertension

💊 What is the treatment for Prehypertension?

A

Lifestyle Modifications

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1
Q

Hypertension
♿️ Hypertension has a direct relationship with Cardiovascular Disease because it does what to the blood vessels that allow lipids into the lining of the vessels and cause plaque formation?

A

Inflames Blood Vessels

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2
Q

Hypertension

What is the chemical term for Sympathetic?

A

Adrenergic

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3
Q

Hypertension

What is the chemical term for Parasympathetic?

A

Cholinergic

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4
Q

Hypertension

😰💥 Hypertension is the persistent elevation of what?

A 
○ Systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg
	  OR
○ Diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg
     OR
○ Current use of antihypertensive drug(s)

▪️
▪️

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5
Q

Hypertension

😰💥 Prehypertension is defined as?

A

• Systolic BP: 120 to 139 mm Hg
OR
• Diastolic BP: 80 to 89 mm Hg

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6
Q

Hypertension

😰💥 Hypertension Stage 1 is classified as?

A

SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99

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7
Q

Hypertension

😰💥 Hypertension Stage 2 is classified as?

A

SBP ≥160 or DBP ≥100

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8
Q

Hypertension
📈 Hypertension is persistent, so for it to be properly diagnosed, what else has to occur besides BP measurements within a certain range?

A

Average of 2 or more BP readings on 2 different office visits

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9
Q

Hypertension

😷 How do you determine which arm to take a BP in?

A

Take in both arms initially and use the arm that had the higher BP after

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10
Q

Hypertension

😷 When should the nurse take a BP if the patient has “White Coat Syndrome”?

A

It means the patient gets anxious in healthcare settings so wait a little while and take the BP when they’re calmer.

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11
Q

Hypertension
🚬 90% to 95% of patients with Hypertension have an elevated BP without an identifiable cause which is also known as what?

A

Primary Hypertension

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12
Q

Hypertension
🚬 If a patient has Atherosclerosis and their Hypertension goes away when the Atherosclerosis is treated, what kind of Hypertension do they have?

A

Secondary Hypertension

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13
Q

Hypertension

🚬 What are the causes of Secondary Hypertension?

A 
▪️Cirrhosis
▪️Oral Contraceptives 
▪️Corticosteroids
▪️NSAID's
▪️Cushing Syndrome
▪️Hyperthroidism
▪️Renal Disease / Renal Artery Stenosis
▪️Hormone Replacement Therapy
▪️Sleep Apnea
▪️Brain Tumor or Brain Injuries
▪️Cocaine
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14
Q

Hypertension

🚬 What is the most common cause of Secondary Hypertension?

A

Cirrhosis

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15
Q

Hypertension

🚬 What are the risk factors for Primary Hypertension?

A 
▪️Age (Systolic rises with age)
▪️Alcohol
▪️Tobacco Use 
▪️Diabetes 
▪️Elevated Serum Lipid
▪️Excess Dietary Sodium
▪️Family History
▪️Obesity
▪️Sedentary Lifestyle 
▪️Socioeconomic Status
▪️Sustained Stress
▪️Gender
▪️Ethnicity
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16
Q

Hypertension
🚬 Men before the age of 45 have a higher risk for Hypertension than woman, but woman over what age have a higher risk than men?

A

> 64

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17
Q

Hypertension

🚬 If you stop smoking, the risk for Hypertension goes down after how long?

A

About a year

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18
Q

Hypertension

🚬 What ethnicity is at greater risk for Hypertension?

A

African Americans

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19
Q

Hypertension

😰 Why is Hypertension known as the “Silent Killer”?

A

Because in and of itself it has no S/S

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20
Q

Hypertension
😰 Although Hypertension doesn’t have symptoms in and of itself, what type of Hypertension has symptoms, not because of Hypertension directly, but because it is affecting the hearts function?

A

Severe Hypertension

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21
Q

Hypertension

😰 What symptoms occur with Severe Hypertension?

A 
▪️Fatigue
▪️Dizziness
▪️Palpitations
▪️Angina
▪️Dyspnea
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22
Q

Hypertension

♿️ What organs are most frequently affected by Hypertension?

A

▪️Heart (Heart Attack)

▪️Brain (Stroke)

▪️Kidney (Renal Failure)

▪️Eyes (Blindness)

▪️Peripheral Vascular Disease

23
Q

Hypertension

📈 What is the only way to diagnose Hypertension?

A

BP taken 2 or more times on 2 different occasions

24
Q

Hypertension

📚 What lifestyle modifications are recommended to patients with Hypertension?

A

▪️Regular Physical Exercise
▪️Weight Reduction
▪️Avoidance of Tobacco Products
▪️Psychosocial Risk Factors

25
Q

Hypertension

🍓 What eating plan is recommended to patients with Hypertension?

A

DASH Eating Plan

26
Q

Hypertension

🍓 What food does the DASH Eating Plan consist of?

A 
▪️Fruits
▪️Vegetables
▪️Fat-Free or Low-Fat Milk
▪️While Grains
▪️Fatty Fish (Salmon)
▪️Poultry
▪️Beans
▪️Seeds & Nuts
▪️Low Sodium
▪️High Potassium
27
Q

Hypertension

📚 Weight loss of how many pounds may decrease SBP by approximately 5-20 mmHg?

A

22 lbs.

28
Q

Hypertension

💊 What is usually the initial medication used for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

Thiazide Diuretic (Diuril)

29
Q

Hypertension

😰💊 What two Diuretics are Potassium wasting and need a Potassium supplement or high potassium diet?

A

▪️HCTZ (Diuril)

▪️Furosemide (Lasix)

30
Q

Hypertension

💊 What common Diuretic used for the treatment of Hypertension is Potassium sparing?

A

Amiloride (Midamor)

31
Q

Hypertension

💊 What are two common Adrenergic Inhibitors are used for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

▪️Clonidine (Catapress)

▪️Doxazosin (Cardura)

32
Q

Hypertension

💊 What are two common Beta Adrenergic Blockers given for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

▪️Metoprolol (Lopressor)

▪️Labetalol (Normodyne)

33
Q

Hypertension

💊 What common ACE Inhibitors are used for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

▪️Captopril (Capoten)

▪️Enalapril (Vasotec)

34
Q

Hypertension

💊 What common Angiotensin II receptor Blocker is used for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

Losartan (Cozaar)

35
Q

Hypertension

💊 What common Calcium Channel Blocker is used for the treatment of Hypertension?

A

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

36
Q

Hypertension

💊 What drugs used for the treatment of Hypertension are powerful, usually IV drip, and is reserved for emergencies?

A

Direct Vasodilators

37
Q

Hypertension

💊 What common Direct Vasodilator is used for the treatment of Hypertension in emergency situations?

A

Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride)

38
Q

Hypertension

💊 How often is the BP monitored in patients being administered Direct Vasodilators?

A

Q5 Mins

39
Q

Hypertension

💊 When should patients take HCTZ and Anti-Hypertensives?

A

In the morning

40
Q

Hypertension

📚 What should patients with Hypertension be taught about Hydrocholorothiazide (HCTZ) and Anti-Hypertensives?

A

▪️Take in the AM (Especially Diuretics)
▪️Eat Potassium rich foods
▪️Avoid NSAIDS because they↓effectiveness
▪️Rise slowly & sit for a few minutes before standing
▪️Sodium Restrictions

41
Q

Hypertension

🍓 What foods are high in Potassium?

A

▪️Bananas
▪️Citrus Fruit
▪️Dried Fruit
▪️Green Leafy Vegetables

42
Q

Hypertension

📚 What do you want to teach patients about Hypertension and how to manage it at home?

A 
▪️Monitor BP at home & report elevations
▪️Lifestyle Modifications
▪️HTN may not have symptoms but its not curable
▪️Never stop drugs abruptly
▪️Never double up for missed doses
▪️High risk OTC medication
43
Q

Hypertension

💊 What high risk OTC medications should patients with Hypertension be taught to avoid?

A

▪️Cold Medications / Decongestants
▪️Antacids that have a lot of sodium in them
▪️Appetite Suppressants (Raise BP)

44
Q

Hypertension

💊 What would cause rebound hypertension?

A

Stopping drugs abruptly

45
Q

Hypertension

😷 What are the reasons for noncompliance in patients on medications to control Hypertension?

A 
▪️Inadequate Teaching
▪️Side Effects
▪️Return to normal BP
▪️Lack of Motivation
▪️Financial 
▪️Lack of Trust in the Healthcare System
46
Q

Hypertension

💊 What drugs used for the treatment of Hypertension have side effects that may be a reason for noncompliance?

A

▪️ACE Inhibitors - Dry hacking cough → Needs to be discontinued

▪️Beta Blockers- Impotence

47
Q

Hypertension

🚨 Hypertensive Emergency is when BP rises rapidly and occurs over what time period?

A

Hours to Days

48
Q

Hypertension

🚨 Hypertensive Urgency is when the BP rises at a slower rate over what time period?

A

Days to Weeks

49
Q

Hypertension

🚨 Besides the rate of rise, what is the difference between Hypertensive Emergency and Hypertensive Urgency?

A

Target organ disease is happening as the BP rises with Hypertensive Emergency. There is no clinical evidence of target organ disease with Hypertensive Urgency

50
Q

Hypertension

😰 What BP will Patients in a Hypertensive Emergency have?

A

> 220/140

51
Q

Hypertension

😰 What BP with Patients in a Hypertensive Urgency have?

A

> 180/110

52
Q

Hypertension

😰 What is more important than the absolute value of the BP in a Hypertensive Crisis?

A

Rate of rise

53
Q

Hypertension

😰 What are the clinical manifestations of a patient in a Hypertensive Emergency?

A

▪️Hypertensive Encephalopathy- Brain Damage (Headache, N/V, Seizures, Confusion, Coma)

▪️Renal Insufficiency

▪️Cardiac Decompensation (MI, HF, Pulmonary Edema)

▪️Aortic Dissection

54
Q

Hypertension

💊 When a patient is hospitalized with Hypertensive Crisis, what IV drug therapy is titrated in an ICU setting?

A

Nitroprusside

55
Q

Hypertension
😷 Because organs wont get enough blood flow if decreased too fast, the initial goal is to decrease the MAP by how much of the starting MAP?

A

25%

56
Q

Hypertension

🚬 What is a common reason for a Hypertensive Crisis?

A

Medications were stopped abruptly

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