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from flashcardlet > (3) Exam 1- Chapter 62 ✔️ > Flashcards

(3) Exam 1- Chapter 62 ✔️ Flashcards

0
Q

What type of muscle is voluntary and accounts for about half of a human beings bodyweight

A

Skeletal

Cardiac and smooth muscle or involuntary

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1
Q

What type of cartilage tissue is the most common

A

Hyaline

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2
Q

The skeletal muscle is enclosed by a continuous layer of what tissue that helps muscles to slide over nearby structures

A

Deep fascia

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3
Q

What attaches muscles to bones

A

Tendons

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4
Q

What connects bones to bones

A

Ligaments

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5
Q

What connective tissues have a relatively poor blood supply, usually making tissue repair a slow process after injury

A

Ligaments and tendons

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6
Q

If fascia is not connected well in surgery it can lead to

A

Hernia

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7
Q

Bone loss begins around what age

A

40

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8
Q

Range of motion is most accurately assessed with

A

Goniometer

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9
Q

If the patient has a disturbed gate, what action should the nurse take to further assess this problem

A

Measure the length of both legs

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10
Q

💺What diagnostic study determines the density of bone, evaluate structure or function, and bone changes

A

X-ray

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11
Q

💺What diagnostic study allows visualization of intervertebrae disc abnormalities

A

Diskogram

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12
Q

💺What do you want to ask the patient before a diskogram

A

Ask the patient if they’re allergic to shellfish or contrast medium

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13
Q

💺What diagnostic study shows how bone is affected by nerve root damage

A

Myelogram

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14
Q

💺What do you want to ask patients before an MRI

A

Pacemakers, metallic implants, etc.

No metals!!

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15
Q

💺What diagnostic study gives visualization of anterior portion of joint capsule

A

Arthroscopy

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16
Q

💺How is an arthroscopy performed

A

Under Anastasia

Needle inserted and distended with air or fluid

Joint cavity examined

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17
Q

💺What is the patient instructed to do before a bone scan

A

Empty the bladder

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18
Q

💉Anti-DNA antibody detect antibodies that react with DNA and is most specific for what disease

A

Lupus

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19
Q

💉Positive ANA may indicate

A

Lupus or rheumatoid arthritis

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20
Q

💉Depletion of CH50 may be found in

A

Lupus and rheumatoid arthritis

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21
Q

💉What serologic study will diagnose inflammatory disease, infections, and active malignancy

A

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

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22
Q

💊Prednisones, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and flunisolide are what type of drugs

A

Corticosteroids

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23
Q

💊Side effects of corticosteroids

A

Infection and weakening of bones

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24
Q

💊How long can it take for DMARD’s to be effective

A

3 to 6 weeks

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25
Q

What type of bone cell is responsible for the formation of bone

A

Osteoblast

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26
Q

What type of bone cells responsible for the reabsorption of bone

A

Osteoclast

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27
Q

Which joints are capable of abduction and abduction

A

Hip, wrist, thumb, shoulder

28
Q

Which joints are capable of flexion and extension

A

Knee and elbow

29
Q

Why does a decrease in height occur with aging

A

Vertebrae becomes more compressed with thinning of intervertebral discs

30
Q

What is scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

31
Q

What is it called when the patient has footdrop in the foot slips down on the floor as the patient walks

A

Steppage gait

32
Q

💺What is the most common diagnostic test used to assess musculoskeletal disorders

A

Standard x-ray

33
Q

💺What test provides fast, precise measurement of the bone mass of the spine, forearm, and total body to evaluate osteoporosis

A

DXA

34
Q

💉What serologic tests would be done to evaluate rheumatoid arthritis

A

RF

ANA

ESR

35
Q

Each long bone consists of

A

Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Metaphysis

36
Q

What is the Epiphysis

A

Widened area found at each end of a long bone

37
Q

What part of the long bone allows for greater weight distribution and provides stability for the joint

A

Epiphysis

38
Q

What part of the long bone is the main shaft of the bone and provides structural support

A

Diaphysis

39
Q

What part of the long bone is the flared area between the epiphysis and diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

40
Q

What is the area between the epiphysis and Metaphysis that actively produces bone to allow longitudinal growth in children

A

Epiphyseal Plate or Growth Zone

41
Q

What are the 4 types of bone in the human body

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

42
Q

Femur, Humerus, and Tibia are examples of what type of bone

A

Long

43
Q

Carpals and Tarsals are examples of what type of bone

A

Short

44
Q

Ribs, Skull, Scapula, and Sternum are what types of bones

A

Flat

45
Q

Sacrum, Mandible, and Ear Ossicles are examples of what type of bone

A

Irregular

46
Q

A place where the ends of two bones are in proximity and move in relation to each other.

A

Joint

47
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrous

48
Q

What type of muscle is found in the walls of hallow structures such as airways, arteries, GI tract, urinary bladder, and uterus

A

Smooth

49
Q

What occurs as thick and thin filaments slide past each other, causing the sarcomeres to shorten

A

Muscle Contractions

50
Q

Small sacs of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and containing viscous synovial fluid

A

bursea

51
Q

What is typically located at bony prominences or joints to relieve pressure and decrease friction between moving parts

A

bursea

52
Q

Almost 30% of muscle mass is lost by what age

A

70

53
Q

During musculoskeletal assessment, question patients about possible secondary bacterial infections such as

A

Ears, Tonsils, Teeth, Sinuses, Lungs, and GI Tract

54
Q

Why do you want to ask the patient about secondary bacterial infections during a musculoskeletal assessment

A

Infections can enter the bone and result in osteomyelitis or joint destruction.

55
Q

During palpation of physical examination, what can you do to prevent muscle spasms

A

Warm your hands

56
Q

How do you determine a patients functional range of motion

A

Ask if activities such as eating or bathing need to be performed with assistance or cannot be done at all.

57
Q

💉What serologic test can diagnose inflammatory disease, infections, and active malignancy >18-20 hours after tissue damage

A

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

58
Q

💉What antigen is present with RA and ankylosing spondylitis

A

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

59
Q

💉What serologic study is increased with muscle trauma

A

potassium

60
Q

💉What is the normal level of potassium

A

3.5-5

61
Q

💉What is the normal levels for Creatine Kinase

A

Male: 20-200
Woman: 20-180

62
Q

💉With what disease do you monitor aldolase

A

MD

63
Q

💉Normal levels for aldolase

A

1.5-8.1

64
Q

💉What serologic study is greater in MD, Polymyositis, and traumatic injury

A

Creatine Kinase (CK)

65
Q

💊Side effects of NSAID’s

A

Stomach & Intestine problems
Bleeding / Ulcers
Risk for MI

66
Q

💊What type of drugs are Allopurinol and Probenecid

A

Anti-Gout

67
Q

💊Side effect of Allopurinol

A

May cause stomach upset or drowsiness

68
Q

💊What medication can cause rash, stomach upset, or toxicity to liver or bone

A

Methotrexate

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