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From Flashcardlet > (3) Exam 2-😗💨 (10/1/15) Lecture - Chest Trauma & COPD > Flashcards

(3) Exam 2-😗💨 (10/1/15) Lecture - Chest Trauma & COPD Flashcards

0
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
Deceleration, Acceleration, Shearing, and Compression are what type of injuries?
A

Blunt

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1
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the two mechanisms of injury with chest trauma?
A

Blunt & Penetrating

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2
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Open wound through the pleural space such as gunshot or knife?

A

Penetrating

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3
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What causes a pneumothorax?

A

Air entering the pleural cavity

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4
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does positive pressure in the lung cavity cause?
A

Causes the lungs to collapse

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5
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 When the lining of the pleura is disrupted, air gets in and can cause what types of pneumothorax? (2 Types of pneumothorax)
A

Open and Closed

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6
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 What is an open pneumothorax?

A

Air gets into the pleural space from an injury to the chest

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7
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💥 What is a close pneumothorax?

A

Air or gas gets into pleural space without an outside wound

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8
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
❓ Excess inflation of the lung caused by Bagging (Artificial Ventilation), CPR or a chronic cough can cause what injury to the lungs?

A

Can pop a lung

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9
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the degrees of a pneumothorax?

A

Small and Large

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10
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of a Small Pneumothorax?

A

▪️Mild tachycardia

▪️Dyspnea

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11
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What are the clinical manifestations of a Large Pneumothorax?

A

▪️Shallow, rapid respirations
▪️Chest Pain
▪️Cough
▪️Will not hear air exchange in the affected area

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12
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What degree of pneumothorax is common in newborns?

A

Small Pneumothorax

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13
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
How will a large pneumothorax appear on an x-ray?

A

Will have a dark area where there should be a lung (white)

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14
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Rupture of blebs

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15
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are blebs?

A

Small sacs/blisters of air in the lung tissue

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16
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
In what area of the lung does a spontaneous pneumothorax usually occur?
A

Apex (top of the lung)

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17
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What are the two types of spontaneous pneumothorax?
A

Primary and Secondary

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18
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax is known to affect a variety of people including young healthy adults and can go unnoticed?
A

Spontaneous Pneumothorax - Can happen in young healthy adults or people with lung disease. The rupture of blebs may also go unnoticed.

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19
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚬 What are the risk factors for a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A 
▪️Smoking
▪️Tall and Thin
▪️Male Gender
▪️Family History
▪️History of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
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20
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax is caused by a medical procedure?
A

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax

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21
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What medical procedures can cause an iatrogenic pneumothorax?

A

Thoracentesis
Catheter Insertion (Especially Subclavian)
Barrel Trauma from excess ventilation pressure
Vent is set wrong or artificial ventilation
Esophageal Procedure
Intubation
NG Tube in the wrong way

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22
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax create in the chest wall?
A

A flap

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23
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 With a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax, when do you remove the impelled / penetrating object?
A

NEVER!!!

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24
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of pneumothorax can cause a sucking chest wound?
A

Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax

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25
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What type of temporary dressing is applied to a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax?
A

Vent Dressing

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26
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 How is a vent dressing applied?

A

Taped on 3 sides and layered to allow it to flap

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27
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Is the patient unable to inhale or exhale with a Traumatic Penetrating Open Pneumothorax?

A

Exhale

Allows air to enter though the opening in the chest wall but as lung is trying to get rid of air the flap will close.

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28
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of Pneumothorax is caused by a lung laceration or alveolar rupture?
A

Traumatic Blunt Closed Pneumothorax

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29
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚨 What type of pneumothorax is a medical emergency?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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30
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is a Tension Pneumothorax a medical emergency?

A

It is affecting the cardiovascular and respiratory system. Both lungs are getting compressed and air is unable to escape.

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31
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why cant air escape with a Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Flap in the chest wall.

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32
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What type of Pneumothorax causes mediastinal shifting?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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33
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What does mediastinal shifting cause in a Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Pushes unaffected / healthy side which further compresses oxygen and causes hemodynamic instability. (Good lung gets stressed)

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34
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 Clinical manifestations of a Tension Pneumothorax?

A 
▪️Dyspnea 
▪️Tachycardia
▪️Tracheal Deviation 
▪️No breath sounds on affected side
▪️Neck Vein Distention
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35
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why does neck vein distention occur with Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Because the circulatory system is involved

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36
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What do you do if a dressing is causing Tension Pneumothorax?
A

Remove dressing and allow it to equalize until the patient can get into surgery.

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37
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What occurs if Tension Pneumothorax is not resolved?

A

Death

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38
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is death related to with Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Inadequate cardiac output or severe hypoxia

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39
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 How is Tension Pneumothorax treated / resolved?

A

Needle insertion → Let air out → Put chest tube in → Apply closed water seal → Let it heal

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40
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is Hemothorax?

A

Blood in the pleural space resulting from injury

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41
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 How is the treatment for a Hemothorax?

A

Chest Tube

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42
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a Hemopneumothorax?

A

Blood and air in the pleural space

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43
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is a Chylothorax?

A

Lymphatic fluid in the pleural space

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44
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What system is disrupted with a Chylothorax?

A

Lymph system

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45
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
How much lymphatic fluid does the body produce in a day?
A

1500-2500 mL/day

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46
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What conservative treatment is used treat Chylothorax?

A

▪️Chest drainage inserted
▪️Rest the bowel
▪️TPN Lipids
▪️Pleurodesis (Surgical procedure that causes membranes around the lungs to stick together)

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47
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
A Pneumothorax with what characteristics may resolve spontaneously?
A

One that is stable with minimum air

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48
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What type of Pneumothorax requires urgent needle decompression?
A

Tension Pneumothorax

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49
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What is the most common treatment for Pneumothorax?

A

Chest Tube

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50
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 To have reverse pressure and allow the lung to deflate, what type of drainage is ordered or put to chest tubes?
A

Water Seal Drainage

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51
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What procedure allows air to come out of a certain area and is performed at the bedside?

A

Thoracentesis

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52
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What surgical procedure used as treatment for Pneumothorax consists of a sticky substance put into pleural space that allows for chest to expand?
A

Pleurodesis

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53
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What chest trauma causes an unstable segment and periodical movement during breathing?

A

Flail Chest

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54
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What causes Flail Chest?

A

Fracture of several consecutive ribs in two or more separate places or fracture of the sternum

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55
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What is paradoxical movement and what type of chest trauma is affected by it?
A

Movement in opposite directions. In-drawing on inspiration and outward movement with expiration that is seen in patients with Flail Chest.

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56
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is breathing less affective with Flail Chest?

A

Work of breathing increases due to loss of integrity in the chest.

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57
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is Title Volume?

A

Volume left in the lungs after expiration

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58
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
Why is Title Volume decreased in Flail Chest?

A

Because it compresses the lungs on the affected side on inspiration.

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59
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 Why does a patient with Flail Chest unable to take a deep breath?
A

Because it causes pain

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60
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
What is seen in Flail Chest that leads to edema and the collecting of blood in the alveolar spaces?

A

Pulmonary Contusion (Bruising of the Lung)

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61
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
In what patient will you see Flail Chest quickly?

A

In the unconscious patient because they are still trying to breathe.

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62
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of Flail Chest?

A

▪️Shallow, Rapid respirations
▪️Tachycardia
▪️Crepitus

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63
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What clinical manifestations are present in the unconscious patient with Flail Chest?

A

Small, Shallow breathing

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64
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
💹💉 What diagnostic studies and labs are done with Flail Chest?
A

▪️X-Ray

▪️ABG’s

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65
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What therapy is used with Flail Chest?

A

▪️IV Solution

▪️O2 Therapy

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66
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 Why is IV Solution used with Flail Chest?

A

Volume Expansion

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67
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 What do you initially want to ensure in a patient with Flail Chest? What is priority?
A

Airway Management

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68
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷💥 What interventions may need to be done to manage patients with Flail Chest due to a compromised respiratory system and ineffective ventilation?
A

Ventilation and Sedation

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69
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 Management of patient with Flail Chest?

A 
▪️Adequate Airway and Ventilation
▪️Oxygen Therapy
▪️IV Fluids
▪️Pain Control
▪️Surgical Fixation
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70
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
🚨 What chest trauma is considered a medical emergency?

A

Cardiac Tamponade

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71
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What are the clinical manifestations of Cardiac Tamponade?

A

▪️Muffled, distant heart sounds
▪️Hypotension
▪️Neck Vein Distention
▪️Increased Central Venous Pressure (CVP)

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72
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
With Cardiac Tamponade, what is prevented due to collection of blood in the pericardial sac that puts pressure on the myocardium?

A

Prevents ventricles from filling

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73
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
💊 What emergency surgery is used to treat Cardiac Tamponade?

A

Emergent Pericardiocentesis

74
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What are the initial interventions for Cardiac Tamponade?
A

▪️Ensure Patient Airway
▪️Administer O2 and keep >90%
▪️Establish IV access with 2 large bore catheters
▪️Remove clothing to assess injury
▪️Cover sucking chest wound with nonporous dressing
▪️Stabilize impelled object
▪️Assess for other significant injuries
▪️Stabilize flail rib segment
▪️Place in Semi-Fowlers or position of comfort
▪️Prepare for emergency decompression

75
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 When would you remove the dressing covering the sucking chest wound with Cardiac Tamponade?

A

If the dressing is causing Tension Pneumothorax and not allowing air to escape.

76
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 Nursing Interventions for Cardiac Tamponade?

A

▪️Assess for signs of respiratory distress

▪️Assess for signs of cardiovascular compromise

77
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What s/s of respiratory distress are you assessing for in patients with Cardiac Tamponade?

A 
▪️Dyspnea 
▪️Cough with or without hemoptysis 
▪️Cyanosis
▪️Tracheal Deviation
▪️Decreased Breath Sounds
▪️Decreased O2 Saturations 
▪️Frothy Secretions
78
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 What s/s of cardiac compromise are you assessing for with Cardiac Tamponade?

A 
▪️Rapid, Thready Pulse
▪️Decreased BP with narrowed pulse pressure and/or asymmetric readings
▪️Distended Neck Veins
▪️Muffled Heart Sounds
▪️Dysrhythmias
▪️Chest Pain
79
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 With initial interventions of Cardiac Tamponade, what type of IV access is established?
A

2 Large Bore Catheters

80
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 With initial interventions of Cardiac Tamponade, what type of dressing is used to cover the sucking chest wound and how is it applied?
A

Nonporous Dressing taped on 3 sides.

81
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
😷 What ongoing monitoring is done with Cardiac Tamponade?
A 
▪️Vital Signs
▪️LOC
▪️O2 Sat
▪️Cardiac Rhythm 
▪️Respiratory Status
▪️Urinary Output (I&O)
82
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Objective #24 & 25)
What two chest traumas have the possibility of being intubated?
A

Iatrogenic Pneumothorax and Cardiac Tamponade

83
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What respiratory dysfunction is preventable and treatable in early treatment?
A

COPD

84
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstruction in air flow from the lungs?
A

COPD

85
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 What causes COPD

A

Long term exposure to irritating gasses (includes smoking)

86
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What do patients with COPD have an increased risk of developing?
A

Other Lung Diseases (Lung Disease, Lung Cancer, etc..)

87
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What two lung disease are linked to COPD?

A

Bronchitis and Emphysema

88
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is not fully reversible with COPD?

A

Airflow limitation

89
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes which carry air to the lungs?

A

Chronic Bronchitis

90
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
How long does a productive cough have to last to be considered Chronic Bronchitis?
A

Consecutive for 3 months & 2 years in a row

91
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is destroyed from damaging exposure to smoke or other harmful substances with Emphysema?

A

Air sacs / alveoli

92
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
With Emphysema, what happens to the alveoli that causes decreased lung function?
A

They stay hyper-inflated instead of expanding and contracting.

93
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What are 80-90% of COPD deaths are attributed to?

A

Tobacco Smoking

94
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 What are the risk factors for COPD?

A 
▪️Cigarette Smoking
▪️Occupational Chemicals and Dust
▪️Air Pollution 
▪️Infection
▪️Heredity
▪️Aging
95
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 COPD is more common in what gender?

A

Males

96
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 Although COPD is more common in men, why do more woman die from it?
A

Woman have smaller lungs, airways and more exacerbations.

97
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🚬 Individuals at what age with a history of smoking 10 or more packs a year are look at as developing COPD

A

> 40 years

98
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the primary process of COPD?

A

Inflammation

99
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What feature of COPD happens due to mucous hyper-secretion, mucosal edema and bronchospasms?

A

Airflow obstruction

100
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What will ABG’s reveal with COPD?

A

Respiratory Acidosis (↑Co2 ↓SaO2)

101
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
COPD is a system disease that results from what?

A

Chronic Inflammation

102
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
COPD often coexists with what disease?

A

Heart disease

103
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What can you get with COPD that results in muscle wasting and metabolic disorders?

A

Kekexia

104
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When is dyspnea present with rest in COPD?

A

With advanced disease

105
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When does dyspnea occur with exertion?
A

In early stages

106
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 COPD causes what type of breathing that uses accessory and intercostal muscles due to inefficient breathing?
A

Chest Breathing

107
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 With COPD, what clinical manifestation can occur many years before air flow is limited?

A

Dyspnea

108
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Diagnosis for COPD is considered with what type of cough and when does the cough usually occur?
A

Chronic and Intermittent cough that is common in the morning

109
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What type of breathing is common with COPD as a result of having to force air out?
A

Pursed Lip Breathing

110
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Why are COPD patients characteristically underweight with adequate caloric intake?
A

They’re using so much energy to breathe.

111
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 When performing a physical examination on a patient with COPD, what position would you likely find them in?

A

Tripod position- Sitting up forward with arms on the table

112
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What would you find during the physical examination of a patient with COPD?

A 
▪️Tripod Position
▪️Prolonged Expiratory Phase
▪️Wheezes
▪️Decreased Breath Sounds
▪️Barrel Chest
▪️Pursed Lip Breathing
113
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
When may a patient with COPD experience chest tightness?

A

During activity

114
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is “GOLD” used for with COPD?

A

Stages severity of COPD

115
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the worst / most severe stage of COPD using “GOLD”

A

GOLD 4 - Goes from mild to severe (1-4)

116
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is Cor Pulmonale cause in COPD?

A

Hypertrophy of the right side of the heart

117
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is a late manifestation of Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease that results from pulmonary hypertension?

A

Cor Pulmonale

118
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Due to increased Right Ventricular Hypertrophy where there is ineffective pumping because muscle is overworked, what does Cor Pulmonale eventually cause?
A

Right-Sided Heart Failure

119
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
How much can the heart increase when there is ineffective pumping and the muscle is being overworked related to Cor Pulmonale?

A

Heart can increase by 150%

120
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What is RUQ pain related to with Cor Pulmonale?

A

Hepatomegaly

121
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Clinical manifestations of Cor Pulmonale?

A 
▪️Dyspnea
▪️Lung sounds normal but may hear crackles in the bases
▪️Distended Neck Veins
▪️Hepatomegaly with RUQ tenderness
▪️Peripheral Edema
▪️Weight Gain
▪️Exacerbations
122
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What is it called when there is an acute change / increase in a patients usual symptoms?
A

Exacerbations

123
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the average number of exacerbations in a year but increase with progression of COPD?

A

Average 1-2 a year

124
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What clinical manifestations occur with exacerbations?

A 
▪️↑Dyspnea
▪️↑Sputum
▪️↑Insomnia
▪️↑Fatigue
▪️Depression
▪️Confusion
▪️↓Exercise Tolerance
125
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What are the primary causes of exacerbation?

A

Bacterial and Viral infections

126
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What are the signs of severity with exacerbations of COPD?

A

▪️Use of accessory muscles

▪️Central Cyanosis

127
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What is the best treament for Exacerbations?

A

Short-Acting Bronchodilators (Beta-2 Agonist)

128
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What are considered quick relief or “Rescue Drugs”?

A

Short-Acting Bronchodilators

129
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What drugs are used to treat Exacerbations?

A

▪️Short-Acting Bronchodilators
▪️Corticosteroids
▪️Antibiotics

130
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What is the best indicator for COPD because it compares all risk factors for having COPD?

A

BODE Index

131
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What test used to diagnose COPD uses FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Spirometry

132
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 When using Spirometry to diagnose COPD, what does the number "1" indicate?
A

1 = 1 second

133
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does FEV1 measure when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

Forced Expiatory Volume

134
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What represents the volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

FEV1

135
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does FVC measure when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

Force Vital Capacity

136
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What represents the termination of vital capacity from total expiration when using Spirometry to diagnose COPD?
A

FVC

137
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 When using Spirometry to diagnose COPD, what is the normal FVC percentage and what percentage is expected in patients with COPD?
A 
Normal = 70%
COPD = Can get as low as 20-30%
138
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 Why is a flat diaphragm seen on X-Rays of patients with COPD?

A

Hyper-inflated Lungs

139
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 What diagnostic study measures the impact of COPD on a persons life?

A

COPD Assessment Test (CAT)

140
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈 What diagnostic study is a scale that looks at how much dyspnea they have?

A

Modified Medical Reasearch Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale

141
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💉 What are typical ABG findings in later stages of COPD?

A

▪️↓ Ph
▪️↓ PaO2
▪️↑ PaCO2
▪️↑ HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

142
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "B" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

B = Body Mass Index

143
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "O" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

O = Airway Obstruction

144
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "D" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

D = Dyspnea (SOB)

145
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📈💥 What does the "E" represent when using BODE to determine risk factor for COPD?
A

E = Exercise

146
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What vaccine does a patient with COPD need?
A

Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccine (Pneumovax)

147
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What s/s of COPD are treated immediately?

A

Exacerbations

148
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What drug therapy is used for COPD?

A

▪️Bronchodilators
▪️Antibiotics
▪️Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
▪️Combivent Respimat

149
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What common Bronchodilators are used to treat COPD?

A 
▪️β2-Andrenergic Agonist 
▪️Anticholinergics 
▪️Methlxanthines
▪️Long-Acting Anticholinergics
▪️Inhaled Corticosteroids
150
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What Bronchodilator agent target small airway?

A

️β2-Andrenergic Agonist

151
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What β2-Andrenergic Agonist Drug is used to target small airway and is known as “Rescue Drug”?

A

Albuterol

152
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊💥 What do Anticholinergics target?
A

Large airway

153
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What Long-Acting Anticholinergic is commonly used to treat symptoms of COPD by opening and relaxing air passages to the lungs in order to make it easier to breathe?
A

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

154
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 Inhaled Corticosteroid therapy is used for treatment of moderate to severe cases of COPD and can be used with what other drug?
A

Short Term Agonist

155
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊❓ What innovative wellness product made from prickly pear cactus is used as an Anti-Inflammatory Antibiotic for COPD?

A

Nopalea

She mentioned this when talking about Antibiotic Therapy for COPD. I looked it up and it looks like some kind of juice from infomercials. I think it was originally used for Diabetic Neuropathy but it does state that it is an Anti-Inflammatory which is all that she mentioned about it in class so I assume thats what shes talking about.

156
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What antibiotic drug is commonly used for treatment of COPD?

A

Azithromyacin (Zithromax)

157
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor is an anti-inflammatory drug that prevents coughing and excess mucus from worsening by suppressing the cytokines that increase inflammation as a result of something that is aggravating the respiratory tract?

A

Roflumilast

158
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 Combivent Respimat is a handheld nebulizer of what two drugs to treats and prevents bronchospasms, wheezing and SOB.

A

Ipratropium and Albuterol

159
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What is O2 therapy used for in COPD?

A

▪️Keep O2 sat >90% during rest, sleep and exertion

▪️PaO2 > 60 mmHg

160
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is Co2 narcosis and why is it monitored for in patients with COPD?

A

Normally our body tells the brain when we have too much Co2 and when to get rid of it but with COPD they gain a tolerance to high Co2 levels and the drive in the respiratory center gives up. Co2 can build up and reach levels that can be toxic.

161
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
💊 What type of therapy improves survival, exercise capacity, cognitive performance and sleep in hypoxemic patients?
A

Long-term O2 therapy

162
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
♿️ What is a complication of COPD?

A

Infection

163
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What collaborative care involves hands in a cup-like position to create an air pocket to loosen secretions and facilitate the movement of thick mucus?

A

Postural Drainage and Percussion

164
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷💥 What areas do you not percuss over?
A 
▪️Kidneys
▪️Spinal Cord
▪️Sternum
▪️Boney Prominences
▪️Tender or Painful areas
165
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😷 How often is Postural Drainage commonly ordered?

A

2-4 times per day

166
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What assists in bronchial drainage when performing postural drainage?

A

Gravity

167
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 Although you should refer to a dietician for patients with COPD, how many meals per day are commonly recommended?

A

5-6 small meals

168
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 What should patients with COPD avoid related to nutrition and diet?
A

▪️Foods that require a great deal of chewing because it takes a lot energy
▪️Exercise or treatments 1 hour before and after eating
▪️Bloating / Gas forming foods
▪️Satiety (Feeling or condition of eating beyond capacity)

169
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 What type of diet is recommended for patients with COPD?
A

▪️↑Calorie

▪️↑Protein

170
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
🍒 How much fluid intake should be taken between meals for patients with COPD?
A

3 L / Day

171
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 To reduce symptoms and improve quality of life, what type of rehab is recommended to patients with COPD upon discharge?
A

Pulmonary Rehab

172
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What at home exercise regimen is encouraged for patients with COPD?

A

Exercise as much as they can. Walk 15-20 mins per day

173
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What do you recommend for patients with COPD that are having trouble sleeping?
A

Sleep sitting up in a chair

174
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What do you want to teach the patient with COPD regarding sleep aids
A

Do not take sleep aids because they decrease respiratory drive

175
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 Why do you want to encourage patients with COPD to get up and move around as much as they can?
A

It will stimulate their activity

176
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
📚 What home care do you want to teach patients with COPD?
A 
▪️Pulmonary Rehab
▪️Immunized
▪️Stay out of crowds
▪️Modify ADL's
▪️Conserve Energy
177
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Objective #24 & 25)
😰 When negative pressure in the pleural space turns into positive pressure due to air getting in from the lungs, what direction will the lungs go?
A

Outward

178
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
Chronic inflammation and destruction of Lung Parenchyma occurs in which lung disease?
A

COPD

179
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
What is the portion of the lung involved in gas exchange (Alveoli, Alveolar Ducts and Respiratory Bronchioles) known as?
A

Parenchyma

180
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
The inability to expire the air causes the biggest problem in which Lung Disease?

A

COPD

181
Q

Respiratory Dysfunctions
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 What causes the barrel-chest appearance and disproportion in COPD?

A

Lungs are overinflated and not able to move air

182
Q 
Respiratory Dysfunctions 
(Unit II C, Objective #1 & 2)
😰 Patients with COPD usually exhibit what common characteristic as a result of airway inflammation and response to noxious stimuli?
A

Mucus Hyper-secretion

From Flashcardlet (47 decks)

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