3A- Neural Processing and the Endocrine System

Question 0

A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system

Answer 0

Neuron

Question 1

Biological psychologists study this

Answer 1

Neural communication

Question 2

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

Sensory neurons

Question 3

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Answer 3

Motor neurons

Question 4

Neurons with the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 4

Interneurons

Question 5

Dendrite, cell body, axon, myelin sheath

Answer 5

Parts of a neuron

Question 6

The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 6

Dendrite

Question 7

The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles or glands

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses as the impulse hops from one node to the next

Answer 8

Myelin sheath

Question 9

2-200mph

Answer 9

Speed of a neuron impulse

Question 10

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Answer 10

Threshold

Question 11

Intensity doesn’t change the firing; it either fires or it doesn’t

Answer 11

All or none response

Question 12

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Answer 12

Synapse

Question 13

The tiny gap between the dendrite and the axon tip or between the cell body and the axon tip

Answer 13

Synaptic gap/synaptic cleft

Question 14

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

Answer 14

Neurotransmitters

Question 15

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

Answer 15

Reuptake

Question 16

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory (with Alzheimer’s these ____ producing neurons deteriorate

Answer 16

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 17

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion (excess leads to schizophrenia, too little leads to tremors similar to Parkinson’s disease

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal (under supply linked to depression)

Answer 18

Serotonin

Question 19

Helps control alertness and arousal; also a hormone (under supply can depress mood)

Answer 19

Norepinephrine

Question 20

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter (under supply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia)

Answer 20

GABA

Question 21

Excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory (oversupply can overstimulate brain, producing seizures or migraines)

Answer 21

Glutamate

Question 22

“Morphine within”; natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Answer 22

Endorphins

Question 23

Binds to the receptor and mimics the effects of the similar neurotransmitter

Answer 23

Agonist

Question 24

Binds to the receptor but it blocks a neurotransmitter's functioning

Answer 24

Antagonist

Question 25

The body's speedy, electrochemical communication network

Answer 25

Nervous system

Question 26

The brain and the spinal cord

Answer 26

Central nervous system

Question 27

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Answer 27

Peripheral nervous system

Question 28

Bundled axons that form neural "cables" connecting the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Answer 28

Nerves

Question 29

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the body's skeletal muscles

Answer 29

Somatic

Question 30

Part of the peripheral nervous system; controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart)

Answer 30

Autonomic

Question 31

Part of the autonomic system; arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Answer 31

Sympathetic

Question 32

Prt of the autonomic system; the division that calms the body, conserving its energy

Answer 32

Parasympathetic

Question 33

A part of the central nervous system; a simple, automatic response to a story stimulus

Answer 33

Reflex

Question 34

The body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 34

Endocrine system

Question 35

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

Answer 35

Hormones

Question 36

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress

Answer 36

Adrenal glands

Question 37

The endocrine system's most influential gland; under the influence of the hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands; the master gland

Answer 37

Pituitary glands