Flashcards in 3rd Midterm Study Guide: Dermal Pathology Deck (50)
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1
What are the 3 cell types of skin?
Squamous cells
Basal cells
melanocytes
2
Appendages of the skin include...
Apocrine = sweat milky with odors near hair follicles
Eccrine = widely distributed water sweat for heat
Sebaceous = secretes oily sebum for lubrication and to
prevent water loss.
3
What is a Macule?
Flat, circumscribed (< 5mm)
4
What is a Papule?
elevated dome or flat topped ( < 5 mm)
5
What is a Nodule?
elevated dome
> 5 mm
6
What is a plaque?
elevated flat topped lesion
> 5 mm
7
What is Lichenification?
Thickened skin due to repeated rubbing
8
What is a Pustule?
discrete, pus filled raised lesion
9
what is a Scale?
Dry, plate-like excrescence, imperfect cornification
10
What is a Vesicle?
Fluid filled raised area
< 5 mm
11
What is Acantholysis?
Loss of intracellular adhesion keratinocytes
(epidermis falls apart and sloughs off)
12
What is Excoriation?
traumatic breakage of the skin
(result of intense scratching)
13
What is a Bulla?
Fluid filled raised area
> 5 mm
14
What is dyskeratosis?
abnormal keratinization that is deeper in the epidermis than normal.
15
What is hyperkeratosis?
Hyperplasia of stratum cornum
16
What is spongiosis?
Intracellular edema of the epidermis
17
What is papillomatosis?
Surface elevation caused by hyperplasia
18
What are examples of acute inflammatory pathologies of the skin?
-Urticaria (hives)
-Eczematous Dermatitis
-Allergic Contact Dermatitis
-Erythema Multiforma
-Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
19
What is Urticaria?
Hives
-hypersensitivity mediated by antigens (IgE)
*treat with antihistamine or steroids
20
What is eczematous Dermatitis?
Contact Dermatitis most common
-delayed hypersensitivity that can be pruritic, edematous, or oozing plaques/vesicles.
-can also be caused by drugs, UV or chemicals
21
What is Allergic Contact Dermatitis?
Cellular memory of the reaction so that future contacts cause an increased dermatitis reaction
22
What is Erythema Multiforma?
Hypersensitivity to infections and drugs
-dermal edema that can have blisters or necrosis
-wide range of expressions and severity
23
What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?
A Generalized all over the the body reaction to medicines (Sulfonamides and Salicylates)
- Can also be a reaction to infections such as herpes or a fungus.
*advanced can have epidermal necrosis and blisters
*T-cells attacking antigen and surrounding cells (basal cells)
24
What are examples of chronic inflammatory pathologies of the skin?
-Psoriasis
-Lichen Planus
25
What is Psoriasis?
Either caused by:
- Inciting antigen
- auto-rejection
-environmentally induced
-Well marked with pink/salmon plaques
-regular acanthosis in epidermis (increased bleeding)
-Can be accompanied by increase in heart attacks and arthritis
*tx includes NSAIDS and immunosuppressants.
26
What is Lichen Planus?
Lace like white markings referred to as WICKAM STRIAE
on the extremities and oral cavity
-Hyperkeratosis and epidermal hyperplasia
-Resolves after 1-2 years although often stays in mouth
-seen in the middle aged with unknown inciting mechanisms. (Maybe hyperactive T cells?)
27
Infectious Dermatosis can be...
Bacterial
Fungal
Viral
28
What is Bacterial Infectious Dermatosis?
Impetigo from staph or strep
*tx with topical antibiotics like tetracycline
29
What is Fungal Infectious Dermatosis?
Tinea (ring worm) or Candidiasis
-pruritic, erythematous macules
-Very common in immunocompromised
30
