Flashcards in 3rd Midterm Study Guide: Gastrointestinal Deck (28):
1
What is chemical esophagitis?
Irritants to squamous mucosa
2
What is infectious esophagitis?
usually immunosuppressed (often Herpes, Candida, or Cytomegalovirus)
(Herpes = small ulcers)
3
What are the characteristics of Cytomegalovirus?
-affects the entire GI tract
-Well circumscribed, superficial ulcers
-may be associated with irritable bowel disease
-most likely in glandular epithelium, endothelial cells
*elderly or immunocompromised
4
What is Reflux Esophagitis?
Relaxation of gastroesophageal sphincter combined with reflux of gastric acid
5
What are the symptoms of Reflux esophagitis?
Burning, excessive salivation, choking
6
What are the aggravating factors of Reflux esophagitis?
obesity
pregnancy
alcohol and tobacco use
caffeine
nicotine
7
What are treatments for Reflux esophagitis?
Antacids
H2 blockers
Proton Pump Inhibitors
*lose weight, stop smoking/drinking
8
What are complications of untreated Reflux esophagitis?
Ulceration
Constrictures
Barrett Esophagus
9
What is reactive (erosive) gastropathy induced by?
alcohol
NSAIDS
iron
stress
bile reflux
10
What is acute injury (gastritis)?
asymptomatic with possible significant blood loss
11
What is characteristic of acute peptic ulceration?
Nausea, Vomitting, NSAIDS, Stress
12
What is characteristic of chronic gastritis?
-H. Pylori gastritis
-autoimmune gastritis
-peptic ulcer disease
13
What is characteristic of H. pylori gastritis?
duodenal and pyloric ulcers; may lead to cancer
14
What is characteristic of Peptic Ulcer disease?
-Caused by H. pylori or NSAIDS
-increased acid
-punched out ulcers- perforation and hemorrhage
-Can lead to gastric ulcer, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma
*can treat H. pylori w/ antibiotics
15
What is characteristic of gastric polyps?
-They are hyperplastic
-In response to gastric injury (around ulcers)
-May contain some dysplasia
16
What is characteristic of gastric adenocarcinoma
-intestinal type form glands
-diffuse type have signet cell morphology
17
What is characteristic of an Intestinal Obstruction?
Usually mechanical (80%) - hernia or postsurgical adhesions
Neoplasm and infarction (20%)
Hirschsprung disease
18
What is characteristic of Hirschsprung disease?
-congenital defect/lack ganglia cells
-can't pass meconium
-missing ganglion cells to stimulate smooth muscles
19
What are the 4 selected diarrheal diseases?
-Cilac Sprue
-Irritable Bowel Syndrome
-Infectious self-limiting colitis
-Pseudomembranous colitis
20
What is characteristic of Celiac Sprue?
-Immune Mediated
-Triggered by gluten, metabolite causes tissue damage
-Blunts Villi
-Oral effects:
-Enamel Defects
- Delayed eruptions
- Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers
21
What is characteristic of Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
-Relapsing pain, bloating, constipation/diarrhea
-Diet, abnormal motility and stress are factors
-No Gross Microscopic Abnormalities
22
What is characteristic of Infectious Self-limiting Colitis?
Caused by microorganisms such as salmonella, E.coli
23
What is characteristic of Pseudomembranous Colitis?
-Usually caused by C. Dificil (hard to kill)
-Spread person to person
-Often follows antibiotic therapy
-MOST Common nosocomial infection in older adults
-Toxin causes pseudomembranous formation, fluid secretions and ulceration.
-50% of neonates are carriers
24
What are the 2 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases?
-Crohn's Disease
-Ulcerative Colitis
25
What is characteristic of Crohn's Disease?
-Similar to Ulcerative Colitis
-It has skipped areas that are non-lesioned and has intermediate strictures.
-Granulomas
-Fistulas and perianal disease
-Also affects upper GI, but mostly lower GI
-Can lead to cancer
-Transmural lesions
26
What is characteristic of ulcerative colitis?
-More continuous, especially in the colon and no strictures.
-More Superficial
27
What is characteristic of a colon polyp?
-Hyperplastic polyps = no malignancy
-Adenoma = may become malignant
28