4) Adrenergic Receptor Agonists - Antagonists Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
What is the class for Norepinephrine (Levophed)
A
Non-selective agonist
2
Q
What is the mechanism for Norepinephrine (Levophed)
A
Agonist: alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1
3
Q
What are the therapeutics for Norepinephrine (Levophed)
A
Acute Hypotension
4
Q
What are the important side effects for Norepinephrine (Levophed)
A
Hypertension; arrythmias; headache
5
Q
What is the class for Epinephrine
A
Non-selective agonist
6
Q
What is the mechanism for Epinephrine
A
Agonist: alpha 1, (alpha 2), beta 1, beta 2
7
Q
What are the therapeutics for Epinephrine
A
Anaphylactic shock; combined with local anesthetics; glaucoma
8
Q
What are the important side effects for Epinephrine
A
Palpitation; arrhythmias; headache
9
Q
What is the class for Amphetamine
A
Indirect acting
10
Q
What is the mechanism for Amphetamine
A
Increases release of NE
11
Q
What are the therapeutics for Amphetamine
A
ADHD, narcolepsy, recreation
12
Q
What are the important side effects for Amphetamine
A
Hypertension, insomnia, anxiety, arrhythmias
13
Q
What is the class for Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
A
Non-selective beta agonist
14
Q
What is the mechanism for Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
A
Agonist: beta 1, beta 2
15
Q
What are the therapeutics for Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
A
shock; heart block
16
Q
What are the important side effects for Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
A
Palpitation; tachyarrhythmia; headache
17
Q
What is the class for Dobutamine
A
beta 1-selective beta agonist
18
Q
What is the mechanism for Dobutamine
A
Agonist: beta 1
19
Q
What are the therapeutics for Dobutamine
A
Cardiac decompensation; shock; heart block
20
Q
What are the important side effects for Dobutamine
A
Tachyarrythmias; hypertension
21
Q
What is the class for Albuterol (Proventil)
A
beta 2-selective beta agonist
22
Q
What is the mechanism for Albuterol (Proventil)
A
Agonist: beta 2
23
Q
What are the therapeutics for Albuterol (Proventil)
A
Prevent or reverse exercise-induced bronchospasm; mild asthma; COPD
24
Q
What are the important side effects for Albuterol (Proventil)
A
Can mask progressively severe inflammation
25
What are the other side effects for Albuterol (Proventil)
Tachycardia, muscle tremor
26
What are the miscellaneous for Albuterol (Proventil)
10-15 minutes to take action, 6-12 hours (max) of duration; nebulizer delivers more, but greater side effects; oral is least effective (requires more dose --> side effects); can be used night symptoms, but not ideal
27
What is the class for Terbutaline (Brethine)
beta 2-selective beta agonist
28
What is the mechanism for Terbutaline (Brethine)
Agonist: beta 2
29
What are the therapeutics for Terbutaline (Brethine)
Prevent or reverse exercise-induced bronchospasm; mild asthma; COPD; early labor
30
What are the important side effects for Terbutaline (Brethine)
Can mask progressively severe inflammation
31
What are the other side effects for Terbutaline (Brethine)
Tachycardia, muscle tremor
32
What are the miscellaneous for Terbutaline (Brethine)
10-15 minutes to take action, 6-12 hours (max) of duration; nebulizer delivers more, but greater side effects; oral is least effective (requires more dose --> side effects); can be used night symptoms, but not ideal
33
What is the class for Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
alpha 1-selective alpha agonist
34
What is the mechanism for Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Agonist: alpha 1
35
What are the therapeutics for Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Nasal congestion; postural Hypotension
36
What are the important side effects for Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
Hypertension; reflex bradycardia
37
What is the class for Clonidine (Catapres)
alpha 2-selective alpha agonist
38
What is the mechanism for Clonidine (Catapres)
Agonist: CNS alpha 2
39
What are the therapeutics for Clonidine (Catapres)
Hypertension; shock; withdrawal from drug dependence
40
What are the important side effects for Clonidine (Catapres)
Sedation
41
What is the class for alpha-methyldopa (Aldomet)
alpha 2-selective alpha agonist
42
What is the mechanism for ?-methyldopa (Aldomet)
Metabolite (a-methylnorepinephrine) activates CNS a2 receptors
43
What are the therapeutics for ?-methyldopa (Aldomet)
Hypertension
44
What are the important side effects for ?-methyldopa (Aldomet)
Sedation
45
What are the miscellaneous for ?-methyldopa (Aldomet)
Prodrug; crosses BBB
46
What is the class for Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
Selective dopamine agonist
47
What is the mechanism for Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
Agonist: D1 only
48
What are the therapeutics for Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
Increase blood flow at renal, mesenteric, and cerebral arteries
49
What are the miscellaneous for Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
~10 minute half-life
50
What is the class for Dopamine
Mixed acting (direct/indirect)
51
What is the mechanism for Dopamine
Agonist: D1, alpha 1, beta 1
52
What are the therapeutics for Dopamine
Shock, renal failure, hypotension
53
What are the important side effects for Dopamine
Vasoconstriction (@ high doses)
54
What are the miscellaneous for Dopamine
Low dose = Direct @ D1 Receptors
Medium dose = Direct @ Beta 1, some Indirect
High dose = Direct @ Alpha 1, some Indirect
55
What is the class for Phentolamine (Regitine)
Non-selective alpha-antagonist
56
What is the mechanism for Phentolamine (Regitine)
Antagonist: alpha 1, alpha 2
57
What are the therapeutics for Phentolamine (Regitine)
Pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's, frostbite
58
What are the important side effects for Phentolamine (Regitine)
Postural hypotension; inhibit ejaculation
59
What is the class for Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Non-selective alpha-antagonist
60
What is the mechanism for Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Antagonist: alpha 1, alpha 2; non-competitive blocker (covalent bond to receptor)
61
What are the therapeutics for Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Pheochromocytoma, Raynaud's, frostbite
62
What are the important side effects for Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)
Postural hypotension; inhibit ejaculation
63
What is the class for Prazosin (Minipress)
alpha 1-selective antagonist
64
What is the mechanism for Prazosin (Minipress)
Antagonist: alpha 1
65
What are the therapeutics for Prazosin (Minipress)
Primary HTN, BPH
66
What are the important side effects for Prazosin (Minipress)
Postural hypotension (usually 1st dose)
67
What is the class for Terazosin (Hytrin)
alpha 1-selective antagonist
68
What is the mechanism for Terazosin (Hytrin)
Antagonist: alpha 1
69
What are the therapeutics for Terazosin (Hytrin)
Primary HTN, BPH
70
What are the important side effects for Terazosin (Hytrin)
Postural hypotension (usually 1st dose)
71
What is the class for Propranolol (Inderal)
Non-selective beta-antagonist (1st generation)
72
What is the mechanism for Propranolol (Inderal)
Antagonist: beta 1, beta 2
73
What are the therapeutics for Propranolol (Inderal)
Angina, Hypertension, Arrythmias
74
What are the important side effects for Propranolol (Inderal)
Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Sexual Dysfunction
75
What are the miscellaneous for Propranolol (Inderal)
Workhorse by which all the rest are judged
76
What is the class for Timolol (Betimol)
Non-selective beta-antagonist (1st generation)
77
What is the mechanism for Timolol (Betimol)
Antagonist: beta 1, beta 2
78
What are the therapeutics for Timolol (Betimol)
Glaucoma
79
What are the important side effects for Timolol (Betimol)
Bradycardia, Bronchoconstriction, Sexual Dysfunction
80
What is the class for Metoprolol (Lopressor)
beta 1-selective antagonist (2nd generation)
81
What is the mechanism for Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Antagonist: beta 1
82
What are the therapeutics for Metoprolol (Lopressor)
HTN, Angina, Arrythmias, CHF
83
What are the important side effects for Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Bradycardia, Sexual Dysfunction
84
What is the class for Atenolol (Tenormin)
beta 1-selective antagonist (2nd generation)
85
What is the mechanism for Atenolol (Tenormin)
Antagonist: beta 1
86
What are the therapeutics for Atenolol (Tenormin)
HTN, Angina, Arrythmias, CHF
87
What are the important side effects for Atenolol (Tenormin)
Bradycardia, Sexual Dysfunction
88
What is the class for Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
beta 1-selective antagonist (2nd generation)
89
What is the mechanism for Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Antagonist: beta 1
90
What are the therapeutics for Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
HTN, Angina, Arrythmias, CHF
91
What are the important side effects for Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Bradycardia, Sexual Dysfunction
92
What is the class for Carvedilol (Coreg)
Non-selective beta-antagonist (3rd generation "A")
93
What is the mechanism for Carvedilol (Coreg)
Antagonist: beta 1, beta 2
94
What are the therapeutics for Carvedilol (Coreg)
CHF, HTN
95
What are the important side effects for Carvedilol (Coreg)
Bradycardia, Fatigue
96
What is the class for Labetalol (Trandate)
Non-selective beta-antagonist (3rd generation "A")
97
What is the mechanism for Labetalol (Trandate)
Antagonist: beta 1, beta 2
98
What are the therapeutics for Labetalol (Trandate)
CHF, HTN
99
What are the important side effects for Labetalol (Trandate)
Bradycardia, Fatigue
100
What is the class for Betaxolol (Kerlone)
beta 1-selective antagonist (3rd generation "B")
101
What is the mechanism for Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Antagonist: beta 1
102
What are the therapeutics for Betaxolol (Kerlone)
CHF, HTN
103
What are the important side effects for Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Bradycardia
104
What is the class for Tyramine
Indirect acting agonist
105
What is the mechanism for Tyramine
Increases cytoplasmic NE release
106
What are the miscellaneous for Tyramine
Tyramine is involved with an exchange transporter: tyramine goes in, NE comes out
107
What is the mechanism for Cocaine
Prevents NE reuptake
108
What are the therapeutics for Cocaine
Local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor
109
What are the important side effects for Cocaine
Insomnia, anxiety, arrhythmias
110
What is the class for Guanethidine (Ismelin)
Nerve ending blocker
111
What is the mechanism for Guanethidine (Ismelin)
False neurotransmitter (vesicles become full of guanethidine rather than NE)
112
What are the therapeutics for Guanethidine (Ismelin)
Antihypertensive
113
What are the important side effects for Guanethidine (Ismelin)
Many and serious
114
What are the miscellaneous for Guanethidine (Ismelin)
Don't really use this in US; doesn't cross BBB
115
What is the class for Reserpine
Nerve ending blocker
116
What is the mechanism for Reserpine
Release of empty vesicles (NE is not taken into vesicles b/c it binds uptake transporter and stops it)
117
What are the therapeutics for Reserpine
Older antihypertensive
118
What are the important side effects for Reserpine
Many and serious (depression and suicide are major ones)
119
What are the miscellaneous for Reserpine
Cheap! (used abroad, not here)
120
What is the class for ?-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)
Nerve ending blocker
121
What is the mechanism for ?-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)
Inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase (decreases NE synthesis)
122
What are the therapeutics for ?-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)
Pheochromocytoma
123
What are the important side effects for ?-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)
Many and serious
124
What are the miscellaneous for ?-me-tyrosine (Metirosine)
Still used for this
125
What is the class for Ephedrine (Pretz-D)
Mixed, direct (beta 2)/indirect agonist
126
What are the therapeutics for Ephedrine (Pretz-D)
Nasal decongestion, anorexic
