4.02 - Articulation & Resonance B Flashcards
(120 cards)
0
Q
What are the two Intrinsic Lingual Muscles in the Longitudinal Dimension?
A
Superior Longitudinal Muscle
Inferior Longitudinal Muscle
1
Q
What are the four Intrinsic Lingual Muscles?
A
Superior Longitudinal Muscle
Inferior Longitudinal Muscle
Vertical Muscle
Transverse Muscle
2
Q
What are the two Intrinsic Lingual Muscles in the Vertical Dimension?
A
Vertical Muscle
Transverse Muscle
3
Q
What does the Superior Longitudinal Muscle do?
A
Raises the tongue tip
4
Q
What does the Inferior Longitudinal Muscle do?
A
Lowers the tongue tip
5
Q
What does the Transverse Lingual Muscle do?
A
Narrows the tonge
Makes the tongue skinny & pointed
6
Q
What happens when you simultaneously contract the Superior & Inferior Longitudinal Muscles?
A
Retracts the tongue
7
Q
What do the Vertical & Transverse Lingual Muscles do?
A
Change the shape of the tongue
8
Q
What are extrinsic muscles?
A
One that connect with the system at one end and connects elsewhere with the other end.
9
Q
What are the four Extrinsic Lingual Muscles?
A
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
10
Q
The Genioglossus starts at the ______ and ______.
A
Chin
Fans out backwards into the mouth
11
Q
What does the Genioglossus do if there is posterior contraction?
A
Protrudes the tongue
12
Q
What does the Genioglossus do if there is anterior contraction?
A
Retracts the tongue
13
Q
The Styloglossus connects the ______ to the _______.
A
Styloid process
Inferior sides of the tongue
14
Q
What does the Styloglossus do?
2
A
Elevates the back of the tongue
Pulls the tongue back
15
Q
What class of sounds do we use the Styloglossus to produce?
A
Velars
16
Q
The Palatoglossus connects the ______ to the _______.
A
Velum
Tongue
17
Q
What does the Palatoglossus do if you fix the part at the palate?
A
Raises the tongue
18
Q
What does the Palatoglossus do if you fix the part at the tongue?
A
Lowers the velum
19
Q
What are two other names for the Palatoglossus?
A
Glossopalatine
Anterior Faucial Pillar
20
Q
The Hyoglossus connects the ______ to the ______.
A
Hyoid
Tongue
21
Q
What does the Hyoglossus do?
A
Pulls the sides of the tongue down
22
Q
When the Velopharyngeal Port is down, it is ______.
A
Open
23
Q
When the Velopharyngeal Port is closed, it is ______.
A
Up
24
When the Mandible is depressed, it is ______.
Open
25
What is the main purpose of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue?
To change the tongue's position
26
What provides the main innervation for the Intrinsic Lingual Muscles?
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal Nerve
27
What provides the main innervation for the Extrinsic Lingual Muscles?
CN XII
Hypoglossal Nerve
28
What innervates the Palatoglossus?
Pharyngeal Plexus
29
What makes up the Pharyngeal Plexus?
CN X - Vagus Nerve
CN XI - Accessory Nerve
30
What may be part of the Pharyngeal Plexus?
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
31
What are the five categories of the Muscles of Facial Expression?
Circular
Transverse
Angular
Parallel
Vertical
32
What is another word for Circular Muscles?
Sphincteric Muscles
33
What are the two Circular Facial Muscles?
Orbicularis Oris Superior
Orbicularis Oris Inferior
34
What do the Circular Facial Muscles do?
Constrict
35
What are the five Angular Facial Muscles?
Zygomatic Minor
Zygomatic Major
Levator Labii Superioris
Depressor Labii Inferior
Levator Labii Superioris Aleque Nasi
36
What do the Angular Facial Muscles do?
| 2
Go diagonally (oblique) to the corners of the mouth
Pulls upwards
37
What are the two Transverse Facial Muscles?
Buccinators
Risorius
38
What do the Transverse Facial Muscles do?
Pull straight back (like a grimace)
39
What are the two Parallel Facial Muscles?
Incisivus Labii Superioris
Incisivus Labii Inferioris
40
What do the Parallel Facial Muscles do?
| 3
Purse lips
Constrict lips
Pull lips towards incisors
41
What are the three Vertical Facial Muscles?
Mentalis
Levator Anguli Oris
Depressor Anguli Oris
42
What do the Vertical Facial Muscles do?
| 2
Push lips forward
Pout
43
The Risorius is for _______.
Laughter
44
What does the Orbicularis Orbis do?
Constrict the oral opening
45
What does the Zygomatic Minor do?
| 2
Elevates upper lip
Pulls corner of mouth upward
46
What does the Zygomatic Major do?
Elevates and retracts the angle of the mouth
47
What does the Levator Labii Superioris do?
| 2
Elevates upper lip
Pulls corner of mouth upward
48
What does the Depressor Labii Inferior?
| 3
Lowers the bottom lip
Pulls away from midline
Pulls lips down and out
49
What does the Levator Labii Superioris Aleque Nasi do?
| 2
Elevates the upper lip
Dilates nostrils
50
What do the Buccinators do?
Pulls angles of the mouth back laterally
51
What does the Risorius do?
Retracts the lip at the corners
52
What does the Mentalis do?
| 3
Elevates and wrinkles chin
Pulls lower lip out
"Chin buncher"
53
What does the Levator Anguli Oris do?
Draws up corner of the mouth
54
What does the Depressor Anguli Oris do?
| 2
Depresses corners of the mouth
Helps compress upper lip across the lower lip
55
What muscles close the lips?
Orbicularis Oris
56
What muscles raise the upper lip?
| 3
Levator Labii Superioris
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Zygomatic Minor
57
What muscles lower the bottom lip?
Depressor Labii Inferioris
58
What muscles round the lips?
Orbicularis Oris
59
What muscles protrude the lips?
| 2
Mentalis
Orbicularis Oris
60
What muscles retract the angles of the mouth?
| 3
Buccinator
Risorius
Zygomaticus Major
61
What muscles raise the corners of the mouth?
| 2
Levator Anguli Oris
Zygomaticus Major
62
What muscles lower the angles of the mouth?
| 2
Depressor Anguli Oris
Platysma
63
What innervates the Muscles of Facial Expression?
CN VII
Facial Nerve
64
What creates Resonance?
Velopharyngeal Port Modulation
65
What are the Passive Forces of the Velopharyngeal-Nasal Apparatus?
(5)
Muscle recoil
Cartilages and connective tissue
Surface tension
Gravity
Aeromechanical forces (resistances)
66
What are the Active Forces of the Velopharyngeal-Nasal Apparatus?
(2)
Muscles of the Pharynx
Muscles of the Velum
67
What are the control variables for VP Modulation?
| 3
Airway resistance to the flow of the air
Muscular pressure at the velopharyngeal sphincter
Acoustic impedance in opposition to the flow of sound energy
68
What is the Velopharyngeal Sphincter?
| 4
Superior Constrictor
Palatopharyngeus
Levator Veli Palatini
Uvulus
69
What is Acoustic Impediance?
How much sound pressure is generated by the molecules of a particular medium
(Air vs. Water - Water has more impediance)
70
What are the five muscles of the Velum?
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Uvulus
71
What is another name for the Tensor Veli Palatini?
Palatal Tensor
72
What is another name for the Levator Veli Palatini?
Palatal Levator
73
What are two other names for the Palatopharyngeus?
Pharyngeopalatine
Posterior Faucial Pillar
74
What are two other names for the Palatoglossus?
Glossopalatine
Anterior Faucial Pillar
75
What is another name for the Uvulus?
Muscularus uvulae
76
What is another name for the Palatal Tensor?
Tensor Veli Palatini
77
What is another name for the Palatal Levator?
Levator Veli Palatini
78
What are two other names for the Glossopalatine?
Palatoglossus
Anterior Faucial Pillar
79
What are two other names for the Pharyngealpalatine?
Palatopharyngeus
Posterior Faucial Pillar
80
What is another name for the Musculus Uvulae?
Uvulus
81
What are two other names for the Anterior Faucial Pillar?
Palatoglossus
Glossopalatine
82
What are two other names for the Posterior Faucial Pillar?
Palatopharyngeus
Pharyngopalatine
83
Do the Constrictor Muscles cover the anterior quarter of the throat?
No
84
What is the Posterior Median Raphe?
The midline of the poster portion of the Constrictor Muscle
85
What are the two muscles that depress the vellem?
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
86
What are the two muscles that raise the Vellum?
Levator veli palatini
Uvulus
87
What does the Uvulus do?
| 2
Raises the Vellum
Shortens the Vellum
88
What does the Palatopharyngeus do?
| 2
Pulls the palate down
Makes the vellum smaller & more constricted
89
What does the Levator Veli Palatini do?
| 2
Raises the vellum
Shortens the vellum
90
What does the Tensor Veli Palatini do?
| 2
Opens the Eustachian Tubes
Is not involved in raising or lowering palate
91
What is the Palatal Aponeurosis?
| 2
A tough tissue that muscles connect to
A sheet of tendons
92
What does the Palatal Aponeurosis attach to?
Hamulus of the Sphenoid (Skull)
93
Are the Palatoglossus and the Palatopharyngeus parallel to each other?
No
94
The Palatoglossus is ______.
Angled
95
The Palatopharyngus is more ______.
Vertical
96
What provides the main innervation for the Pharyngeal & Velar Muscles? What is the exception?
Pharyngeal Plexus (CN XI, CNX, and maybe CN IX)
The Tensor Veli Palatini is innervated by CN V - Trigeminal Nerve
97
How does the Superior Constrictor fit into the vellar muscles?
When it constricts, it pulls the back of the pharynx forward making it easier to gain velopharyngeal closure
98
What does the Salpingopharyngeus do?
| 2
Elevates
Raises everything up
99
What does the Stylopharngeus do?
| 2
Pulls laterally
Dilates the pharynx
100
The oral cavity as ______ openings and ________ impediance.
Wide
Low
101
The nasal cavity as ______ openings and ________ impediance.
Small
Greater
102
What are the three Velopharyngeal Control Variables?
Airway Resistances
Muscular Compression
Acoustic Impediance
103
How does Airway Resistance contribute to the Velopharynx?
Airflow is resisted as passageways become smaller
104
How does Muscular Compression contribute to the Velopharynx?
Muscles have to work to counteract airflow
105
How does Acoustic Impediance contribute to the Velopharynx?
Acoustic energy is impeded/resisted when passages are narrowed or surfaces are convoluted
106
Do VP Modulations occur constantly during running speech?
Yes
107
Is VP Modulation fast or slow? What occurs because of this?
Slow
Coarticulation
108
What are Aperture Changes?
Changes in the size of the opening
109
Velar musculature of opposing forces is activated during running speech to achieve ______ and ______ of VP port aperture changes.
Mechanical tuning
Smooth modulation
110
What are sonorant sounds?
| 2
Those with more resonance
Liquids, nasals, & glides
111
In the time it takes for one complete cycle of the fundamental frequency, there will be ____ complete cycles for F2 and _____ complete cycles for F3.
Two
Three
112
What is a complex waveform?
The sum of combined simple waveforms
113
When we add more sinusoids, we have a more ______.
Complex Tone
114
A complex tone (spectrum) is similar to the tone produced by the ______.
Larynx
115
Voiced speech has several frequencies that are __________.
In harmony with one another
116
F1 is inversely related to _________.
Tongue height
117
F2 is proportional to ________.
Tongue advancement
118
When a movement is isometric, there is ______ movement.
Little
119
When a movement is isotonic, there is ______ movement
Lots of
