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Speech Anatomy & Physiology > 5:00 Swallowing > Flashcards

5:00 Swallowing Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Where is the oral vestibule?

A

The space between the lips and teeth

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2
Q

What are the two kinds of aspiration?

2

A

Food goes up the nose

Food goes down the lungs

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3
Q

What is silent aspiration?

A

Food goes down the lungs without the person realizing it.

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4
Q

What is the difference between striated & smooth tissue?

A

Striated is voluntary, smooth is involuntary

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5
Q

What part of the esophagus is composed of striated muscle?

A

The upper third

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6
Q

What part of the esophagus is composed of smooth muscle?

A

The lower two thirds

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7
Q

What innervates the esophagus?

A

Vagus & sympathetic divisions of the nervous system

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8
Q

Vagal activity increases ______.

A

Esophageal activity

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9
Q

What makes up the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES)?

2

A

Cricoid lamina

Cricopharyngeal muscle fibers (inferior constrictor)

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10
Q

What does the Upper Esophageal Sphincter (UES) do?

2

A

Prevents air from entering the esophagus during respiration

Prevents material from reflexing back up the esophagus and into the pharynx

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11
Q

What does the Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) do?

A

Prevents gastric reflux

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12
Q

What are the four phases of swallowing?

A

Oral Prep Phrase

Oral Transport Phase

Pharyngeal Transport Phase

Esophageal Transport Phase

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13
Q

What is the Oral Prep Phase?

4

A

Food enters mouth and is chewed

Bolus is prepped

Saliva is incorporated into food

Liquid is collected for drinking

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14
Q

What is the Oral Transport Phase?

A

Food is moved from the front of the mouth to the back of the mouth

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15
Q

What is the Pharyngeal Transport Phase?

2

A

Food is transferred to the pharynx towards the esophagus

The velopharyngus, vocal folds, and epiglottis are closed

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16
Q

What is the Esophageal Transport Phase?

A

Food is transferred into the esophagus

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17
Q

Which swallowing phases are voluntary?

2

A

Oral Prep Phrase

Oral Transport Phase

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18
Q

Which swallowing phases are involuntary?

2

A

Pharyngeal Transport Phase

Esophageal Transport Phase

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19
Q

What happens to the tongue during the Oral Prep Phase?

A

It is dished and moves posteriorly

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20
Q

What are the three types of salivary glands?

A

Submandibular (under jaw)

Sublingual (under tongue)

Parotid

(There are other smaller glands)

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21
Q

What does saliva do?

4

A

Maintains oral moisture

Reduces tooth decay

Assists in digestion

Holds bolus together

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22
Q

What are the two different kinds of saliva?

A

Viscous (watery)

Serous (thick & mucousy)

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23
Q

What happens during the Oral Phase?

2

A

Bolus is transported from anterior mouth to mid oral cavity via tongue

Tongue touches velum & faucial pillars triggering the velum

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24
Q

What triggers the Pharyngeal Phase?

A

The bolus passing over the back of the tongue

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25
What happens during the Pharyngeal Phase? | 2
Airway is protected Bolus is moved
26
How is the airway protected during the Pharyngeal Phase? | 4
Velopharynx is closed Hyo-larynx is pulled up and forward Vocal folds close Eversion of the epiglottis
27
What makes the bolus move during the Pharyngeal Phase? | 3
Peristalsis - progressive contraction of the pharynx Pressure behind the bolus Lubrication- serous saliva by the parotid glands
28
What is the path of the bolus during the Pharyngeal Phase? | 3
It moves from the back of the tongue and valleculae It separates into two equal parts and course around larynx & epiglottis through the pyriform sinuses The two halves join once they reach the esophagus
29
What happens during the Esophageal Phase? | 4
Upper esophageal sphincter is relaxed Generation of low pressure in front of the bolus Esophageal peristalsis (coursing contraction & relaxation Dilation of the lower esophageal sphincter
30
What happens to airflow when we swallow?
We slightly exhale then have a period of apnea
31
What three things are unique to swallowing in the infant?
Rooting reflex Sucking reflex Breathing while swallowing
32
How many times does a baby suck before swallowing?
3-4
33
What happens to the velum while an infant is sucking?
It locks between the epiglottis & the tongue
34
What controls the voluntary phases of swallowing?
Cortex
35
What controls the involuntary phases of swallowing? | 3
Central pattern generator Pre-programmed sequential commands Medulla
36
What transmits sensory information from the swallowing areas?
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)
37
What transmits motor information to the swallowing areas?
Nucleus Ambiguus (NA)
38
The _______ and ______ tracts carry inputs from cortical motor centers in the frontal lobe and converge on ___________ in the lower brainstem.
Corticospinal Corticobulbar Central Pattern Generators
39
What do descending neural tracts do?
Carry motor info
40
What descending neural tracts carry information from the medulla for swallowing?
Nucleus Ambiguus (NA)
41
What nerves carry motor information for swallowing? | 5
Trigeminal (CN V) Facial (CN VII) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Vagus (CN X) Hypoglossal (CN XII)
42
What does the Trigeminal (CN V) do for swallowing? | 2
Innervates muscles of mastication Facial sensations
43
What does the Facial (CN VII) innervate for swallowing? | 2
Innervates Lip & Buccal muscles Sensory for front 2/3 of tongue
44
What does the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) & Vagus (CN X) innervate for swallowing? (3)
Innervates Palate, Pharynx, Esophagus, Larynx, & Respiratory control centers Sensory for back 1/3 of tongue Sensation for Palate, Pharynx, & Larynx
45
What does the Hypoglossal (CN XII) innervate for swallowing?
Muscles of the tongue
46
What do ascending neural tracts do?
Carry sensory information to the brain
47
What ascending neural tracts carry information to the medulla for swallowing?
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS)
48
What nerves carry sensory information for swallowing? | 4
Trigeminal (CN V) Facial (CN VII) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Vagus (CN X)
49
What happens in the Central Pattern Generator? | 3
Input arrives from NTS and is summed If stimulus threshold is reached, NTS organizes the preprogrammed sequential spatial-temporal sequence of swallow Sends info to NA to execute motor sequence
50
What are the two categories of variables that influence swallowing? (2)
Bolus characteristics Swallow mode
51
What are the three characteristics of the Bolus that influence swallowing? (3)
Consistency Volume Taste & temperature
52
What are the three characteristics of the Swallow Mode that influence swallowing?
Single swallow vs. sequential swallows Mealtime eating vs. swallowing during a swallow test Cued swallows vs. uncued
53
What are two swallowing disorders?
Dysphagia Orofacial mylofunctional disorder (OMD)
54
What is Dysphagia?
Difficulty in swallowing secondary to paralysis/paresis
55
What phase is affected in Dysphagia?
Pharyngeal
56
What can cause Dysphagia? | 4
Aging Degenerative neural disease Stroke Trauma
57
What can be used to diagnose Dysphagia? | 3
Barium swallow Modified barium swallow FEES
58
What is OMD?
Difficulty in swallowing secondary to dysfunctional muscle patterns and oral habits
59
What is OMD also known as? | 4
Tongue thrust Immature swallow Anterior positioning of tongue Anterior tongue carriage
60
What six characteristics define OMD?
Abnormal thumb, finger, lip, and tongue sucking habits Inappropriate lip-open resting position Forward interdental rest posture of tongue Forward rest position of the tongue agains the incisors Lateral, posterior interdental tongue rest posture Inappropriate thrusting of the tongue in speaking and/or swallowing
61
What are the consequences of mouth breathing? | 5
Thickened mucous and/or tooth decay Decrease nostril and nasal cavity size Anterior tongue carriage Abnormal facial growth Possibly sleep apnea
62
What are some symptoms of tongue thrust? | 3
Open bit - possible malocclusion Reverse swallow Contraction of mentalis muscle
63
Why is tongue position so important? | 3
Dentition Feeding Physiology of the orofacial structure

Speech Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

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