Antidiabetic Drugs (M2)

Question 1

What pancreatic hormones function is storage and anabolic hormone?

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

What pancreatic hormones function is modulating appetite, gastric emptying, glucagon and insulin secretion?

Answer 2

amylin

Question 3

What pancreatic hormones function is mobilizing glycogen stores?

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

What pancreatic hormones function is inhibiting secretory cells?

Answer 4

somatostatin

Question 5

What pancreatic hormones function is stimulating gastric acid secretion?

Answer 5

gastrin

Question 6

What pancreatic hormones function is facilitating digestive processes?

Answer 6

pancreatic peptide

Question 7

What are the causes of Type 3 Diabetes?

Answer 7

1. pancreatectomy
2. pancreatitis
3. nonpancreatic diseases
4. drug therapy

Question 8

What is type 4 diabetes also called? 1. When does it occur? 2

Answer 8

1. gestational diabetes

2. pregnancy (last trimester)

Question 9

What stimulates the secretion of insulin?

Answer 9

1. glucose and other sugars
2. amino acids
3. hormones
4. glucagon
5. glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
6. Cholecystokinin
7. fatty acids
8. beta adrenergic activity
9. stimulatory drugs

Question 10

What inhibits the secretion of insulin?

Answer 10

1. insulin
2. leptin
3. alpha adrenergic activity
4. chronically elevated glucose
5. low concentrations of fatty acids
6. inhibitory drugs

Question 11

What is the mechanism of stimulated insulin release?

Answer 11

1. hyperglycemia inc intracellular ATP
2. close ATP-dependent potassium channels
3. decrease potassium efflux
4. depolarization of beta cell
5. opening of voltage-gated calcium channels
6. secretion of hormone

Question 12

What percentage of insulin is degraded in the liver in normal conditions? 1. For diabetics? 2

Answer 12

1. 60%

2. 40%

Question 13

What do insulin receptors consist of?

Answer 13

two covalently linked heterodimers (alpha =extracellular, beta=transcellular)

Question 14

What is the effect of insulin on all cells?

Answer 14

1/ storage of fat and glucose

2. cell growth

Question 15

What is the effect of insulin on the liver?

Answer 15

1. inhibit glycogenolysis
2. inhibit fatty acid and amino acid conversion to keto acids
3. inhibit AA to glucose
4. promote glucose to glycogen
5. inc triglyceride synth and VLDL formation

Question 16

What is the effect of insulin on muscle?

Answer 16

1. inc protein synth
2. inc AA transport
3. inc ribosomal protein synth
4. inc glycogen synth
5. inc glucose transport
6. induces glycogen synthase and inhibit phosphorylase

Question 17

What is the effect of insulin on adipose tissue?

Answer 17

1. inc triglyceride storage
2. lipoprotein lipase induced
3. glucose transport into cell

Question 18

What are the types of inhaled insulin?

Answer 18

techosphere insulin and Afrezza

Question 19

What is the RBC avg survival time?

Answer 19

8-12 weeks

Question 20

What is the equation for total daily insulin needed?

Answer 20

1. weight in pounds divided by four

2. 0.55 x weight in kilograms

Question 21

What are the two immunopathologies of insulin therapy (and which immunoglobulin involved)?

Answer 21

1. Insulin allergy (IgE)

2. Immune insulin resistance (IgG)

Question 22

What therapy for insulin is usually the staring point?

Answer 22

metformin

Question 23

What are the metabolic effects of glucagon?

Answer 23

1. inc cAMP
2. catabolism of glycogen
3. inc gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis
4. raise blood glucose

Question 24

What are the cardiac effects of glucagon?

Answer 24

1. inotropic

2. chronotropic

Question 25

What are the smooth muscle effects of glucagon?

Answer 25

relaxation of intestine

Question 26

What are the clinical uses of glucagon?

Answer 26

1. severe hypoglycemia
2. endocrine diagnosis
3. beta-andrenoceptor blocker overdose
4. radiology of the bowel