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II. Pharmacology > Immunopharmacology (F) > Flashcards

Immunopharmacology (F) Flashcards

1
Q

When are agents that suppress the immune system used?

A
  1. preventing rejection of organ or tissue grafts
  2. treat diseases with dysregulation of immune response
  3. Treat diseases like AIDS, cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases
  4. infections and cardiovascular diseases
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2
Q

What is the first line of defense against invading pathogens? 1. What are the mechanical components? 2. What are the biochemical components? 3. What are the cellular components? 4

A
  1. innate immune system
  2. skin, epidermis, mucus
  3. antimicrobial peptides, complement, lysozyme, interferons, acidic pH, free radicals, cytokines, chemokines
  4. neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages
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3
Q

For the innate immune system, what is used to recognize pathogens on the immune cell? 1. What is used on the pathogen? 2

A
  1. PRRs

2. PAMPs

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4
Q

What do NK cells and T-cells release to activate macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils?

A
  1. interferon gamma

2. interleukin-17

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5
Q

What do tumor cells and virus-infected cells downregulate to help avoid the innate immune system?

A

MHC I expression

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6
Q

What is the immune system that responds to a previously encountered antigen with a vigorous response?

A

adaptive immune system

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7
Q

What are the main components of the adaptive immune system (what kind of immunity is each)?

A
  1. antibodies (humoral immunity)

2. activation of T-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity)

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8
Q

What are the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the adaptive immune system? 1. What do they do?2

A
  1. dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes

2. phagocytize antigens and load peptides onto MHC I and MHC II

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9
Q

What type of cells recognize MHC I peptide complexes? 1 What type recognizes MHC II? 2

A
  1. CD8 T-cells

2. CD4 T-cells

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10
Q

What provides negative feedback and displaces CD28 to suppress T-cell activation?

A

CTLA-4

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11
Q

What do TH1 cells produce? 1. What cells do they induce? 2

A
  1. IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, IL-2, IL-12

2. macrophages, cytotoxic T cells, NK cells

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12
Q

What do TH2 cells produce? 1. What cells do they induce? 2

A
  1. IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10

2. B-cell proliferation and differentiation

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13
Q

What does the subset of CD4 T cels that prevent autoimmunity and allergy secrete?

A

IL-17

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14
Q

What does the T cell secrete to stimulate Bcell proliferation?

A

IL-4 and IL-5

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15
Q

What type of antibody do B-cells mostly produce?

A

IgM

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16
Q

What hypersensitivity reactions are cell mediated? 1. Which are antibody mediated? 2

A
  1. Type IV

2. Type I-III

17
Q

What are the two phases of hypersensitivity?

A
  1. sensitization phase

2. effector phase

18
Q

How quick is the response for Type I hyper? 1. What is the main mediator? 2. What are the symptoms of this? 3

A
  1. immediate
  2. IgE
  3. anaphylaxis, asthma, hay fever, urticarial
19
Q

What is the reaction occurring in Type II hyper?

A

antigen-antibody complex interacts with IgM or IgG

20
Q

What occurs in Type III hyper?

A
  1. antigen-antibody complexes deposit on basement membranes
  2. activate complement
  3. symptoms 3-4 days after exposure
21
Q

How quick is the response for Type IV hyper? 1. What are the cell interactions occurring? 2

A
  1. T-lymphocyte responses 2-3 days after exposure

2. CD4 TH1 cells interact with MHC II on antigen-presenting cells

22
Q

What are the causes of autoimmune diseases?

A
  1. MHC genetics
  2. environmental conditions
  3. infectious entities
  4. dysfunctional immune regulation
23
Q

When are antibodies against Rh-positive cells transferred to the fetus in the disease? 1. What does it lead to? 2

A
  1. third trimester

2. hemolytic disease of newborn

24
Q

What MAB type is produced by combining material from a nonhuman source developed in culture with human genetic material? 1. What is the suffix? 2

A
  1. chimeric antibody

2. -ximab or -imab

25
Q

What MAB type is from non-human species but protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibodies produced by humans so about 90% human genetic material? 1. What is the suffix? 2

A
  1. humanized antibody

2. -zumab or -umab

26
Q

What helps to reduce the requirement for intensive immunosuppressive therapy?

A

tissue typing = match with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system

27
Q

What does the immunosuppressive regimen given before solid organ or bone marrow transplant consist of?

A
  1. antithymocyte globulin
  2. daclizumab
  3. basiliximab
28
Q

What are the types of transplant rejections?

A
  1. hyperacute
  2. accelerated
  3. acute
  4. chronic
29
Q

What is the transplant rejection that takes place within hours of the transplant? 1. What do the immunosuppressive drugs do? 2

A
  1. hyperacute

2. nothing, they can’t stop it

30
Q

What is the transplant rejection that is mediated by antibodies and T cells? 1. What do the immunosuppressive drugs do? 2

A
  1. accelerated\

2. nothing, they can’t stop it

31
Q

What is the transplant rejection that takes place within days to months of the transplant? 1. What do the immunosuppressive drugs do? 2. What kind of immunity does it involve? 3

A
  1. acute
  2. reversal possible
  3. cellular immunity
32
Q

What is the transplant rejection that takes place within months or years of the transplant and causes thickening and fibrosis of tissue? 1. What do the immunosuppressive drugs do? 2. What kind of immunity does it involve? 3

A
  1. chronic
  2. reversal possible
  3. cellular and humoral
33
Q

What is the disease in which donated lymphoid cells attack the recipient, causing damage to skin, liver and GI tract?

A

GVH (graft-versus-host) Disease

34
Q

What are the treatments for Type I hyper?

A
  1. prednisone
  2. epinephrine
  3. antihistamines
  4. drugs that inhibit leukotrienes (montelukast)

II. Pharmacology (43 decks)

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