Vasodilators (M2) Flashcards
What is the most common group of cardiovascular diseases in developed countries?
ischemic heart disease
What is the most common ischemic heart disease?
angina pectoris
What is the type of ischemic heart disease in which when myocardial oxygen requirement increases the coronary blood flow does not increase proportionately?
effort angina
What is the type of ischemic heart disease that has a transient spasm of localized portions of vessels?
vasospastic angina
What is the type of ischemic heart disease has episodes of angina at rest and a change in character, frequency, and duration of chest pain?
unstable angina
What is the problem with fatty acids being used for energy production?
oxidation of fatty acids requires more oxygen per unit ATP than oxidation of carbohydrates
What is the impact of increasing cGMP? 1. What activates cGMP? 2
- facilitates dephosphorylation of myosin light chains, causing muscle relaxation
- nitric oxide
How is the membrane potential of excitable cells stabilized near resting potential?
increasing potassium permeability
What is the impact of increasing cAMP on vascular smooth muscle?
increases rate of inactivation of myosin light chain kinase, relaxing the smooth muscle
How do nitrates effect platelets?
increase in cGMP decreases platelet aggregation
What form using nitrates and are a powerful carcinogens?
nitroamines
What is the mechanism of Nicorandil?
- reduces preload and afterload
2. activating potassium channels
What are acceptable combinations of drugs to treat angina of effort?
- long-acting calcium channel blockers or beat blockers with long-acting nitrates
- two different calcium channel blockers
What are acceptable combinations of drugs to treat vasospastic angina?
nitrates plus calcium-channel blockers
What are acceptable combinations of drugs to treat unstable angina?
antiplatelet therapy and possible additions of nitroglycerin, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers
