Antiprotozoal and Antihelmithic Drugs (M3)

Question 1

What is the most important parasitic disease of humans?

Answer 1

malaria

Question 2

Which species of Plasmodium (malaria) cause the most serious complications and deaths?

Answer 2

P. flaciparium

Question 3

For malaria, what are the organisms called that invade the cells? 1. What cells do they invade? 2. What is their replication called? 3

Answer 3

1. sporozoites
2. liver cells
3. schizogony

Question 4

Which state of the protozoa causes clinical malaria?

Answer 4

asexual erythrocytic state of infection

Question 5

Which stage of parasites in malaria invade erythrocytes?

Answer 5

merozoite

Question 6

What stage of parasites do mosquitoes take up?

Answer 6

gametocytes

Question 7

What are the malaria drugs called that eliminate developing or dormant liver forms?

Answer 7

tissue schizonticides

Question 8

What are the malaria drugs called that act on erythrocytic parasites?

Answer 8

blood schizonticides

Question 9

What are the malaria drugs called that kill sexual stages and prevent transmission to mosquitoes?

Answer 9

gametocides

Question 10

What is the drug combo with sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine called?

Answer 10

fansidar

Question 11

What is the drug combo with dapsone and pyrimethamine called?

Answer 11

maloprim

Question 12

What is the first line therapy combo for toxoplasmosis?

Answer 12

pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine

Question 13

What is an infection with entamoeba histolytica called? 1. What does it cause? 2

Answer 13

1. Amebiasis

2. colitis, dysentery, ameboma, liver abscess

Question 14

What are some of the other antiprotozoal drugs?

Answer 14

pentamidine, sodium stiboguconate, nitazoxanide, suramin, melarsoprol, eflornithine, benznidazole, nifurtimox, amphotericin, miltefosine, paromomycin

Question 15

What are the multicellular organisms that indclude nematodes, flukes, tapeworms?

Answer 15

helminths

Question 16

What is the other name for “river blindness”?

Answer 16

onchocerciasis

Question 17

What are the nodules associated with onchoceriasis called?

Answer 17

cercoma

Question 18

What are the ocular sign and symptoms of onchocerciasis?

Answer 18

1. corneal complications (punctate keratitis, snowflake opacities)
2. microfilaria in aqueous
3. iridocyclitis, iris atrophy
4. chorioretinitis
5. glaucoma
6. cataract
7. optic nerve disease

Question 19

What are the treatment options for onchocerciasis?

Answer 19

1. nodulectomy
2. vector control
3. large-scale chemo (ivermectin)