The Alcohols (M2)

Question 1

What are the two pathways of alcohol metabolism to acetaldehyde (then to acetate)?

Answer 1

1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase Pathway

2. Microsomal Ethanol-Oxidizing Systems (MEOS)

Question 2

What does excess NADH (ADH pathway product) contribute to form in chronic alcoholism?

Answer 2

1. lactic acidosis
2. hypoglycemia
3. metabolic disorders

Question 3

When is MEOS used to metabolize alcohol?

Answer 3

have large amounts of alcohol consumed

Question 4

What are the cofactors and other molecules involved in MEOS?

Answer 4

1. NADPH

2. cytochrome P450x

Question 5

Are men or women more susceptible to alcohol hepatotoxicity?

Answer 5

women

Question 6

Where does alcohol dependence have an affect in the brain?

Answer 6

mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit

Question 7

What syndrome is marked by paralysis of the external eye muscles, ataxia, confused state, and thiamine deficiency?

Answer 7

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 8

What is the leading cause of mental retardation and congenital malformation?

Answer 8

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 9

At what amount is blood alcohol concentration fatal?

Answer 9

400 mg/dL

Question 10

What is given to a patient in the management of acute alcohol intoxication?

Answer 10

1. electrolyte imbalance corrected
2. glucose to treat hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis
3. thiamine to protect against Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 11

What is given to a patient in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?

Answer 11

1. potassium and magnesium phosphate
2. thiamine
3. benzodiazepine and then taper off

Question 12

What is given to a patient in the management of methanol poisoning?

Answer 12

1. hemodialysis
2. alkalinization
3. fomepizole
4. ethanol

Question 13

What is given to a patient in the management of ethylene glycol poisoning?

Answer 13

1. hemodialysis
2. alkalinization
3. fomepizole