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Review / Wrong Answers > Psych drugs 1 > Flashcards

Psych drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tazamelteon

A

Melatonin receptor agonist Safe for insomnia in geriatric patients

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2
Q

Flumazenil

A

MOA: Competitive antagonist at GABA benzo receptor Used for treatment of Benzo and non-benzo hypnotic overdose May precipitate seizures

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3
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

“-azine” = star gazing

First generation antipsychotic (mostly D2 antagonist activity) - mostly treats positive schizo sx

High potency (more extra-pyramidal symptoms and less effect at other receptors)

Used for schizophrenia (+), acute psychotic episodes, acute agitation, Tourette’s

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4
Q

Olanzapine

A

quiet please, ONLY whispering is appropriate

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism

metabolic symptoms (weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia) - Olanzapine has highest risk

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA

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5
Q

Clozapine

A

Closet

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism (Clozapine has highest risk), metabolic symptoms

Clozapine specific = agranulocytosis, myocarditis, reduced seizure threshold

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA

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6
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid agonist (block pre-synaptic Ca2+ channels and opens post-synaptic K+ channels) Used for chronic pain

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7
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Sketchy = “color-pro” paint brand

First generation antipsychotic (mostly D2 antagonist activity) - mostly treats positive schizo sx

Low potency (less extra-pyramidal symptoms + anticholinergic, antihistamine, and a1-blocking effects)

Used for schizophrenia (+), acute psychotic episodes, acute agitation, Tourette’s

Side effect - corneal deposits

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8
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid agonist (block pre-synaptic Ca2+ channels and opens post-synaptic K+ channels) Used for chronic pain

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9
Q

Midazolam

A

MOA: Short-acting Benzodiazepine (“All A.M.”) Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

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10
Q

Alprazolam

A

MOA: Short-acting Benzodiazepine (“All A.M.”) Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

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11
Q

Thioridazine

A

Sketchy = color THEORY wheel

First generation antipsychotic (mostly D2 antagonist activity) - mostly treats positive schizo sx

Low potency (less extra-pyramidal symptoms + anticholinergic, antihistamine, and a1-blocking effects)

Used for schizophrenia (+), acute psychotic episodes, acute agitation, Tourette’s

Side effects - retinal deposits

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12
Q

Eszoplicone

A

Non-benzo hypnotic Binds to GABA-A receptor (same site at Benzos) Used for sleep onset AND maintenance

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13
Q

Thiopental

A

Barbiturate - binds to allosteric site of GABA-A receptor to increase duration of Cl- channel opening Very fast acting and short lasting (due to redistribution to fat and skeletal muscle) Can be used for induction of anesthesia

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14
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

Anti-muscarinic

Balances out cholinergic effects to improve tremor and rigidity of Parkinsons with no effect on bradykinesia

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15
Q

Primidone

A

Barbiturate - binds to allosteric site of GABA-A receptor to increase duration of Cl- channel opening Used to essential tremor and seizures

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16
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Zipper

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism, metabolic symptoms

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA

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17
Q

Codeine

A

Anti-tussive opioid agonist

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18
Q

Quetiapine

A

QUIET please, only whispering is appropriate

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism, metabolic symptoms

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA

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19
Q

Dantrolene

A

Muscle relaxant that prevents further release of Ca2+ from Ryanidine receptors Treats malignant hyperthermia

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20
Q

Methadone

A

Sketchy - DONE timer on withdrawal pool

Long-acting mu opioid agonist Used for opioid withdrawal symptoms/addiction

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21
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist

Used for Parkinons and acromegaly

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22
Q

Zaleplon

A

Non-benzo hypnotic Binds to GABA-A receptor (same site at Benzos) Used for sleep onset (not maintenance - short half-life)

23
Q

Diazepam

A

MOA: Long-acting Benzodiazepine Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

24
Q

Etomidate

A

Sketchy - The Intimidator

IV anesthetic - Potentiates GABA-A

Used for induction of anesthesia

Preserves cardiac stability

25
Q

Halothane

A

Inhaled anesthetic (volatile) Unknown MOA More soluble - slow onset and longer duration Hepatotoxicity, malignant hyperthermia

26
Q

Risperidone

A

quiet please, only WHISPERING is appropriate

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism, metabolic symptoms

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA - Risperidone has highest risk of EPS

27
Q

Dextramethorphan

A

Sketchy - Orphan on cough drop bag

Anti-tussive opioid agonist

Also antagonist of NMDA receptor

28
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid antagonist Used to reverse acute opioid toxicity Can precipitate withdrawals

29
Q

Ariprazole

A

quiet please, only whispering is APPROPRIATE

Second generation antipsychotic (D2 + 5HT-2 antagonist effects) - treats both (+) and (-) schizo sx

Used for schizophrenia, treatment resistant depression, OCD, Tourette’s

Side effects: H1 antagonist sedation, a1 antagonist orthostatic hypotension, muscarinic antagonism, metabolic symptoms

Less extra-pyramidal side effects than FGA

30
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

MOA: Long-acting Benzodiazepine Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

31
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Sketchy - blueprint near pool exit

Long-acting partial mu opioid agonist Used for withdrawal symptoms/addiction Can cause withdrawal in patients taking full opioid agonists

32
Q

Haloperidol

A

First generation antipsychotic (mostly D2 antagonist activity) - mostly treats positive schizo sx

High potency (more extra-pyramidal symptoms and less effect at other receptors)

Used for schizophrenia (+), acute psychotic episodes, acute agitation, Tourette’s

33
Q

Pramipexole

A

Dopamine receptor agonist

Used to treat Parkisons and restless leg syndrome

34
Q

Tramadol

A

Weak opioid agonist Also inhibits 5-HT and NE reuptake Used for chronic pain

35
Q

Fluphenazine

A

“-azine” = star gazing

First generation antipsychotic (mostly D2 antagonist activity) - mostly treats positive schizo sx

High potency (more extra-pyramidal symptoms and less effect at other receptors)

Used for schizophrenia (+), acute psychotic episodes, acute agitation, Tourette’s

36
Q

Propofol

A

IV anesthetic - Potentiates GABA-A Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia

37
Q

Ropinirole

A

Dopamine agonist

Used to treat Parkinons and restless leg syndrome

May cause impulse control disorders

38
Q

Levodopa

A

Dopamine precursor that can cross BBB

Used to treat Parkisons

39
Q

Enflurane

A

Inhaled anesthetic (volatile) Unknown MOA More soluble - slow onset and longer duration Nephrotoxicity, malignant hyperthermia

40
Q

Ketamine

A

IV anesthetic - inhibits NMDA receptor Used for induction of anesthesia Causes dissociative anesthesia (eyes open) Can cause emergence reactions (hallucination, colorful dreams)

41
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-diarrheal opioid agonist

42
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Anti-diarrheal opioid agonist

43
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

Inhaled anesthetic (gaseous) Unknown MOA Less soluble - faster onset and shorter duration

44
Q

Carbidopa

A

Inhibitor of peripheral DOPA decarboxylase (prevents conversion of L-DOPA to DA in the periphery)

Given with L-DOPA to treat Parkinsons

Decreased peripheral side effects of L-DOPA (N/V, arrhythmias, hypotension)

Increased CNS side effects of L-DOPA

45
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid antagonist Used to reverse acute opioid toxicity Can precipitate withdrawals

46
Q

Selegiline

A

MOA-B inhibitor (so MOA cannot break down DA)

Increases levels of DA in the CNS

47
Q

Amantadine

A

Enhances effects of endogenous dopamine by increasing its synthesis/release and inhibiting its reuptake

Can treat motor symptoms of Parkinsons

48
Q

Zolpidem

A

Non-benzo hypnotic Binds to GABA-A receptor (same site at Benzos) Used for sleep onset (not maintenance - short half-life)

49
Q

Ramelteon

A

Melatonin receptor agonist Safe for insomnia in geriatric patients

50
Q

Triazolam

A

MOA: Short-acting Benzodiazepine (“All A.M.”) Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

51
Q

Benztropine

A

Anti-muscarinic

Balances out cholinergic effects to improve tremor and rigidity of Parkinsons with no effect on bradykinesia

52
Q

Oxazepam

A

MOA: Short-acting Benzodiazepine Facilitates action of GABA-A receptor by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

53
Q

Tolcapone

A

Inhibits COMT (COMT usually converts L-DOPA to inactive form), leading to increased availability of L-DOPA

Works peripherally and centrally

54
Q

Entacapone

A

Inhibits COMT (COMT usually converts L-DOPA to inactive form), leading to increased availability of L-DOPA

Only works peripherally

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