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Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - MSK 4 > Flashcards

DIT review - MSK 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve

A
  • Serratus anterior (outer surface of upper 8- 9 ribs -> medial border of anterior scapula)
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2
Q

What nerve innervates the supraspinatous m

A

Suprascapular nerve (branch of superior trunk)

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatous m.

A

Suprascapular nerve (branch of superior trunk)

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4
Q

What nerve innervates pec major?

A

Lateral pectoral

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5
Q

What muscle is innervated by upper subscapularis nerve?

A

subscapularis

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6
Q

What muscle is innervated by lower subscapularis nerve?

A

Teres major

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7
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Motor:
    • Biceps
    • Coracobrachialis
    • Brachialis
    • Arm flexors
  • Sensation:
    • Lateral forearm
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8
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of median nerve?

A
  • Motor:
    • Pronator muscles
    • Thenar eminence
    • Wrist flexion
    • Flexion of lateral fingers
  • Sensation:
    • Thenar eminence
    • Dorsal and palmar aspect of lateral 3.5 fingers
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9
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of ulnar nerve?

A
  • Motor:
    • Interosseous (abduction and adduction of fingers)
    • Hypothenar
    • Wrist flexion
    • Flexion of medial fingers
  • Sensation:
    • Medial 1.5 fingers including hypothenar eminence
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10
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of axillary nerve?

A
  • Motor:
    • Deltoid
    • Teres minor
  • Sensation:
    • Deltoid area
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11
Q

What is the motor and sensory innervation of radial nerve?

A
  • Motor:
    • Extensors of arm and wrist (e.g. triceps)
  • Sensation:
    • Posterior arm/forearm
    • Dorsal hand
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12
Q

Label the branches of the brachial plexus

A

A - long thoracic

B - suprascapular

C - lateral pectora

D - upper subscapular

E - thoracodorsal

F - lower subscapular

G - musculocutaneous

H - axillary

I - radial

J - median

K - ulnar

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13
Q

What is the name and cause of damage to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A
  • Erb-Duchenne Palsy (“waiter’s tip”)
    • Injury to superior trunk (C5-C6)
    • Causes:
      • Lateral neck traction during delivery of babies
      • Trauma in adults
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14
Q

Describe the affected nerves/presentation of Erb-Duchenne Palsy

A
  • Axillary nerve damage
    • Deltoid
      • Cannot abduct – arm hangs by side
  • Suprascapular nerve damage
    • Supraspinatous
      • Cannot abduct – arm hangs by side
    • Infraspinatous
      • Cannot externally rotate – arm medially rotated
  • Musculocutaneous nerve damage
    • Biceps
      • Cannot flex/supinate – arm extended and pronated
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15
Q

What is the name and cause of damage to the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

A
  • Injury to inferior trunk (C8-T1)
  • Causes:
    • Infants – upward force on arm during delivery
    • Adults – trauma (e.g. grabbing a tree branch to break a fall)
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16
Q

Describe presentation of Klumpke palsy

A
  • Total claw hand
    • Atrophy of thenar and hypothenar eminence
    • Inability to extend MCP joints
    • Inability to flex PIP and DIP joints
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17
Q

What nerve is damaged when you are unable to extend 4th and 5th finger

A

Ulnar nerve (ulnar claw)

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18
Q

What nerve is damaged when you are unable to abduct thumb?

A

Median nerve (ape hand)

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19
Q

Unable to flex index and middle finger

A

Median nerve (benediction hand / Pope’s blessing)

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20
Q

Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?

A

Radial nerve

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21
Q

Damage to what nerve causes scapular winging?

A

Long thoracic nerve

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22
Q

Cannot abduct or adduct fingers

A

Ulnar nerve damage

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23
Q

Loss of shoulder abduction?

A

Axiallary nerve

24
Q

Loss of elbow flexion and forearm supination

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

25
Q

What nerve is damaged in fracture of the shaft of the humerus

A

Radial nerve

26
Q

What nerve is damaged in fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

A

Axiallary nerve

27
Q

What artery and nerve are damaged in anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex artery

28
Q

What muscles/function are innervated by the femoral nerve

A
  • Innervates:
    • Hip flexors = Iliopsoas, pectineus, Sartorius
    • Knee extensors = Quadriceps: Vastus lateralis, vastus medialus, rectus femoris
29
Q

What muscles/functions are innervated by the obturator nerve

A
  • Innervates:
    • Adductors = adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus
    • Knee flexor = gracilius
30
Q

What muscles/functions are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

A
  • Innervates:
    • Hip abduction and medial rotation of thigh à tensor fasciae lata, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius
31
Q

What muscles/functions are innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

A
  • Innervates:
    • Hip extension and lateral rotation of thigh = gluteus maximus
32
Q

What muscles/function are innervated by the sciatic nerve

A
  • Innervations
    • Hip extension and knee flexions = Hamstring portion of adductor magnus, biceps femoris long head, semitendinous, semimembranous
    • Sensation to posterior thigh, gluteal region, lower leg except for medial side
33
Q

What muscles/functions are innervated by the tibial nerve

A
  • Innervates:
    • Plantar flexion = Calf muscles: gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
    • Toe flexion = flexor digitorum longus, flexor halluces longus
    • Unlocks knee = popliteus
    • Inversion of foot = tibialis posterior
34
Q

What muscles/function are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve

A
  • Innervation
    • Foot eversion = peroneus tertius
    • Foot dorsiflexion = tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus
35
Q

What muscles/function are innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve

A
  • Innervation
    • Foot eversion = peroneus longus, peroneus brevis
36
Q

What nerve gets damage with disc herniation

A

Sciatic

37
Q

What nerve gets damage with anterior hip dislocation

A

Obturator

38
Q

What nerve gets damage with pelvic fracture

A

Femoral

39
Q

What 2 nerves get damage with posterior hip dislocation

A

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal

40
Q

What nerve gets damage with knee injury

A

Tibial

41
Q

What nerve gets damage with fibula neck fracture/lateral knee injury

A

Deep peroneal

42
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in sensation to lower leg

A

sciatic

43
Q

Damage to what nerve causes Trendelenberg gait

A

Superior gluteal

44
Q

Damage to what nerve causes foot drop

A

Deep peroneal

45
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in plantarflexion

A

Tibial

46
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in hip extension

A

Inferior gluteal

47
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in thigh adduction

A

Obturator

48
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in thigh flexion

A

Femoral

49
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in sensation of anterior thigh

A

Femoral

50
Q

Damage to what nerve causes defect in sensaton to medial thigh

A

Obturator

51
Q

What nerves are involved in each of the following reflexes?

  • Achilles
  • Patellar
  • Biceps/brachioradialis
  • Triceps
  • Cremasteric
  • Anal wink
A
  • Clinical reflexes:
    • Achilles reflex = S1, S2 (“buckle my shoe”)
    • Patellar reflex = L3, L4 (“kick the door”)
    • Biceps and brachioradialis reflexes = C5, C6 (“pick up sticks”)
    • Triceps reflex = C7, C8 (“lay them straight”)
    • Cremasteric reflex = L1, L2 (“testicles move”)
    • Anal wink reflex = S3, S4 (“winks galore”)
52
Q

Describe the arteries of the leg

A
53
Q

Describe type 1 muscles (fast/slow, red/white, form of energy, increased in endurance/resistance exercise)

A
  • Type 1:
    • Slow twitch
    • Red fibers due to increased mitochondria and myoglobin concentration = increased oxidative phosphorylation = sustained contraction
    • Proportion increases after endurance training
54
Q

Describe type 2 muscles (fast/slow, red/white, form of energy, increased in endurance/resistance exercise)

A
  • Type 2:
    • Fast twitch
    • White fibers due to decreased mitochondria and myoglobin concentration = increased anaerobic glycolysis
    • Proportion increases after weight/resistance training
55
Q

Describe what each of the bands are (A, I, H) on a sarcomere

A
  • A band:
    • Contains thick (myosin) filaments (both those over-lapped with thin filaments and those non-overlapped)
    • Always remains the same length
  • I band:
    • Contains Z line and only thin (actin) filaments that are not overlapped
    • Width of I band will lengthen during muscle relaxation
  • H band:
    • Contains M line and only thick filaments that are not overlapped
    • Width of H band will lengthen during muscle relaxation
  • The segment between H and I bands (A band – H band) is where the thick and thin filaments overlap
    • The width of this region shortens during muscle relaxation

Review / Wrong Answers (140 decks)

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