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Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - Micro 7 > Flashcards

DIT review - Micro 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following DNA viruses are naked?

  • Herpes (HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, Kaposi)
  • Polyoma
  • Papilloma
  • Pox
  • Parvo
  • Hepadna
  • Adeno
A

Naked viruses:

  • Adeno
  • Papilloma
  • Polyoma
  • Parvo
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2
Q

Transmission of Parvo virus

A
  • Transmission – respiratory or congenital
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3
Q

Presentatino of Parvovirus (adults, children, in utero, sickle cell patients)

A
  • Aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients
  • Erythema infectiosum in children (aka 5th disease)
    • Slapped cheek rash
  • Inflammatory arthritis in adults
  • Hydrops fetalis in utero (Other in TORCH)
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4
Q

Describe the HPV proteins that lead to cancer

A
  • E6 à mutates p53 allowing transition from G1 to S phase
  • E7 à mutates Rb allowing transition from G1 to S phase
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5
Q

Describe the 2 forms of Polyomavirus and their presentation

A
  • JC virus – progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV patients
    • Demyelinating disease that leads to non-enhancing multifocal brain lesions in the white matter
  • BK virus – affects kidney of transplant patients
    • Causes nephropathy or hemorrhagic cystitis (transplant patients)
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6
Q

Describe the replication of Hepadnavirus

A

Hepatitis B

  • Replication:
    • Partially dsDNA circular DNA enters the nucleus
    • Host polymerase makes RNA intermediate from DNA
    • Viral reverse transcriptase makes DNA from RNA intermediate
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7
Q

What viruses are the most common cause of the “common cold”

A

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

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8
Q

What are the TORCHeS

A

T = Toxoplasma

O = Other

R = Rubella (togavirus)

C = CMV

H = HIV and HSV

S = Syphilis

Other = Group B Strep, E. Coli, Listeria, Parvovirus B19

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9
Q

What is the classic triad in congenital Toxoplasmosis

A
  • Classic triad:
    • Chorioretinitis
    • Hydrocephalus
    • Intracranial calcifications
  • +/- blueberry muffin rash
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10
Q

Classic triad in congenital Rubella

A
  • Classic triad: THNK: I (eye) <3 ruby (rubella) earrings (ear)
    • Abnormalities of eye (cataract)
    • Abnormalities of the ear (deafness)
    • Congenital heart disease (PDA)
  • +/- blueberry muffin rash
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11
Q

Presentation of congenital CMV

A
  • Unilateral hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
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12
Q

Presenation of congenital Syphilis

A
  • Hydrops fetalis
  • Facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla)
  • Saber shins
  • Deafness
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13
Q

Are picornaviruses naked or enveloped

A

Naked

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14
Q

What are the different picornaviruses

A

Hepatitis A, Enterovirus (Echovirus, Coxsackie, Polio), Rhinovirus

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15
Q

Mode of transmission of Picornaviruses

A

All are fecal-oral except for Rhino (respiratory)

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16
Q

Presentation of Echovirus

A

No sketchy

Is a picornavirus

Aseptic meningitis, mycoarditis, URI

In the summer months

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Presenation of Coxsackie A virus

A

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Aseptic meningitis

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19
Q

Presentation of Coxsackie B virus

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Devil’s Grip / Bornholm’s disease / Pleurodynia – extreme unilateral sharp pain in lower chest

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20
Q

Does Rhinovirus affect upper respiratory or lower respiratory system

A

URI

Like cooler temps of the upper resp.

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21
Q

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis A

A

Fecal-oral

Contaminated water

Shellfish

22
Q

Is Calicivirus naked or enveloped

A

Naked

Norovirus

23
Q

Are flaviviruses naked or enveloped?

A

Enveloped

24
Q

What are the subtypes of Flavivirus

A

Hepatitis C

Yellow fever

Dengue fever

West Nile Virus

St. Louis encephalitis

25
Q

Transmission and presentation of Yellow fever

A
  • Yellow fever = yellow African water buffalo
    • Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
    • Monkey reservoir
    • Found in sub-Saharan Africa and South America
    • Presentation:
      • Fever, jaundice, hemorrhagic disease (hematemesis/black vomit, bloody diarrhea, epistaxis, gum bleeding, petechial skin lesions)
26
Q

Transmission and presentation of Dengue fever

A
  • Transmitted by Aedes mosquito
  • Presentation:
    • Break Bone Fever: Muscle/joint pain, HA, retro-orbital pain
    • Hemorrhagic fever
    • Renal failure
27
Q

Describe the Tourniquet test and what disease it is used for

A
  • Tourniquet test for hemorrhagic fever in Dengue
    • BP inflated to a point between SBP and DBP
    • If excess petechiae = increased capillary wall fragility and thrombocytopenia
28
Q

Transmission and presentation of West Nile virus

A
  • Birds are the reservoir and mosquitoes are the vector; humans are incidental host
  • Presentation:
    • Usually mild symptoms: HA, malaise, back pain, myalgia, anorexia for 3-6 day
    • Rarely see severe sx: meningitis, encephalitis, muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, alterations in consciousness, possibly death
29
Q

Which Hepatitis infections are likely to progress to chronic

A

HCV = majority develop chronic disease

HBV = adults usually resolve, kids more likely to develop chronic

30
Q

Treatment of Hepatitis C

A

Ribavirin + Interferon alpha

31
Q

What type of virus are Eastern and Western equine encephalitis

A

Togavirus

32
Q

Transmission of Rubella

A

Respiratory

(togavirus)

33
Q

Presentation of rubella

A
  • Fever, post-auricular lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, confluent rash that starts on the face and spreads to trunk and extremities
34
Q

Describe the role of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase in Flu virus

A
  • Hemagglutinin
    • Promote viral attachment to host cell
  • Neuraminidase
    • Helps release progeny virions
35
Q

MOA of Oseltamivir/Zanamivir (Tamiflu)

A
  • Neuroaminidase inhibitors:
    • Block release of virions from host cell
36
Q

MOA of Amantidine in treating Flu virus

A
  • HA molecule on virus will bind to sialic acid on the cell membrane; virus then endocytosed into the cell; pH needs to be changed by M2 protein to allow for uncoating
  • If you can prevent viral uncoating by inhibiting M2, then you can prevent viral replication
    • Drugs: Amantidine** and **Rimantidine inhibit M2 so there is no viral uncoating
      • à Manta ray that is ready to DINE on the octopus (MantaDINE)
37
Q

Describe the difference between genetic shift and genetic drift

A
  • Genetic drift
    • Causes seasonal epidemics
    • Due to random mutation in hemagglutinn or neuraminidase
    • Less severe
    • This is why we make a new vaccine each year
  • Genetic shift
    • Causes pandemics
    • Reassortment of viral genome segments
    • More severe
      • THINK: Oh shift!
38
Q

Cause of death in Flu virus

A
  • Death usually called by bacterial superinfection on top of the viral infection
    • Causes: S. aureus, S. pneumo, H, flu
39
Q

Are paramyxovirus enveloped or naked

A

Enveloped

40
Q

What are the subtypes of Paramyxovirus

A

Parainfluenza

RSV

Measles

Mumps

41
Q

Presentation of Measles

A
  • Rubeola
  • Presentation:
    • Prodromal fever
    • Cough, coryza (runny nose), conuncitivitis,
    • Koplik spots (red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa)
    • Maculopapular rash that starts and head/neck and spread down
    • Subacute sclerosisng panencephalitis (SSPE) - occurs years after infection
    • Giant cell pneumonia
42
Q

What is the function of fusion proteins and which Paramyxoviruses have them?

A
  • Causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multinucleated cells
    • On all paramyxoviruses
43
Q

What virulence factors are present in Measles

A
  • Fusion protein and Hemagluttinin
    • No Neuraminidase
44
Q

Presentation of mumps

A

Parotitis (swelling of parotid glands), orchitis (can result in sterility), meningitis

45
Q

Virulence factors of mumps

A
  • HA, NA, fusion protein
46
Q

Presentation of RSV

A
  • Bronchiolitis in babies
  • Pneumonia
  • Presents in winter months
47
Q

Immunization and treatment of RSV

A
  • Immunization:
    • Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody against F protein)
  • Treatment:
    • Ribavirin (inhibits synthesis of guanosine) – use in adults, not children
48
Q

Virulence factors of RSV

A
  • Only fusion protein
49
Q

Virulence factors and presentation of Parainfluenza

A
  • Parainfluenza – croup
    • Barking seal cough and inspiratory stridor
    • Steeple sign on x-ray due to narrowing of upper trachea and subglottis
    • Severe croup can cause pulsus paradoxus
    • Virulence factors:
      • F protein, NA, HA
50
Q

Presentation of Rhabdovirus

A
  • Rabies
  • Fever, malaise –> agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, hypersalivation –> paralysis, coma –> death
51
Q
A

Review / Wrong Answers (140 decks)

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