Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Review / Wrong Answers > DIT review - Neurology > Flashcards

DIT review - Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What neuronal cell is damaged in Guillain-Barre syndrome?

A

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What neuronal cell is damages in multiple sclerosis

A

Oligodendrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cell is the CNS phagocyte?

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neuronal cell is involved in reactive gliosis (scar tissue in CNS)?

A

Astrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the embryologic origin of each of the 6 neural cells (neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal cells)?

A

Neuroectoderm: neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

Neural crest cells: schwann cells

Mesoderm: microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layers of the blood-brain barrier

A

Tight junctions between nonfenestrated endothelial cells of capillaries

Basement membrane

Foot processes of astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease is associated with degeneration of the basal nucleus of Meynert

A

This is the location of ACh synthesis

Decreased ACh = Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

♣ Supraoptic nucleus

A

• Produces ADH to be stored in posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

♣ Paraventricular nucleus

A

• Produces oxytocin to be stored in posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

♣ Anterior hypothalamus

A

• Controls cooling (damage = hyperthermia) • Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

♣ Posterior hypothalamus

A

• Controls heating (damage = hypothermia) • Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

♣ Pre-optic area

A

• Secretes GnRH stimulates release of LH and FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

♣ Dorsomedial nucleus

A

• Stimulates GI • Stimulation = savage behavior and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

♣ Arcuate nucleus

A

• Releases dopamine and GHRH • Regulates hunger and satiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

♣ Mammillary body

A

• Receives input from hippocampus • Lesions = Wernicke’s encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Match EEG waves with corresponding sleep stages

A

THINK: BATS Dream Big

Awake (eyes open) - beta

Awake (eyes closed) - alpha

Non-REM N1 - Theta

Non-REM N2 - Sleep spindles and K complexes

Non-REM N3 - Delta

REM - beta

17
Q

What sleep cycle does bedwetting occur in?

A

N3

18
Q

What sleep cycle does dreaming occur in?

A

REM

19
Q

What sleep cycle does Bruxism occur in?

A

N2

20
Q

What sleep cycle do night-terrors occur in?

A

N3

21
Q

What sleep cycle does sleepwalking occur in ?

A

N3

22
Q

What drugs can be used for nocturnal eneuresis?

A

Imipramine: TCA; decreases stage N3; short-term use only

Desmopressin: decreases urination

Indomethacin: decreases renal blood flow, thus decreasing urination

23
Q

What is the cavernous sinus and what does it contain?

A

Collection of venous sinuses on either side of pituitary

Conatins CNs III, IV, V1, VI, and occasionally V2, + internal carotid

24
Q

Causes and presentation of cavernous sinus syndrome

A
  • Can be due to pituitary tumor, infection
  • Presentation:
    • Opthalmoplegia (CN II, IV, VI)
    • Decreased corneal sensation (CN V1)
    • Horner syndrome
    • Decreased maxillary sensation (CN V)
25
Q

What are the 3 vagal nuclei?

A

Nucleus solitarius

Nucleus ambiguous

Dorsal motor nucleus

26
Q

Function of nucleus solitarius

A

Visceral sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, gut distension)

27
Q

Function of the nucleus ambiguous

A
  • Motor innervation of pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus (e.g. swallowing, palate elevation)
28
Q

Function of dorsal motor nucleus

A

Sends autonomic fibers to heart, lungs, upper GI

29
Q

Causes of Horner syndrome

A

Lesions of spinal cord above T1:

Pancoast tumor, Brown-Sequard syndrome, late-stage syringomyelia

30
Q

Describe embryology of brain formation

A
  • (1) Prosencephalon
    • Telencephalon
      • Cerebral hemisphere
      • Lateral ventricles
    • Diencephalon
      • Thalamus, hypothalamu
      • 3rd ventricle
  • (2) Mesencephalon
    • Midbrain
    • Aqueduct
  • (3) Rhombencephalon
    • Metencephalon
      • Pons, cerebellum
      • Upper 4th ventricle
    • Myelencephalon
      • Medulla
      • Lower 4th ventricle
31
Q

What tumors are GFAP (+)

A

Astrocyte tumors:

Glioblastoma multiforme

Pilocytic astrocytoma

32
Q

What tumors are S-100 (+)

A

Schwannoma

33
Q

What brain tumors are associated with hydrocephalus

A

Medulloblastoma, ependymoma

34
Q

What tumors show Rosenthal fibers?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

35
Q

What tumor shows Homer-Wright rossettes vs. Perivascular rosettes

A

Homer-Wright - Medulloblastoma

Perivascular - ependymoma

36
Q

What tumor shows pseudopalisading (bordering central area of necrosis)

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

Review / Wrong Answers (140 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions