7. Male Reproductive System Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
epididym/o
A
epididymis
2
Q
balan/o
A
glans penis
3
Q
pen/i, phall/o
A
penis
4
Q
preputi/o
A
prepuce
5
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate
6
Q
scrot/o
A
scrotum
7
Q
semin/i
A
semen
8
Q
vesicul/o
A
seminal vesicle
9
Q
sperm/o, spermat/o
A
spermatozoon
10
Q
test/o, testicul/o, orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
A
testicle, testis
11
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
12
Q
vas/o
A
vas deferens, ductus deferens
13
Q
anorchism
AN or kih zum
A
condition of being born without a testicle
14
Q
cryptorchidism
kript OR kid iz um
A
condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth
AKA cryptorchism
15
Q
hyperspadias / epispadias
A
hyper=excess, epi=above
urethral opening on the dorsum (outward-facing side) of the penis rather than on the tip
dorsum = located anteriorly
16
Q
hypospadias
A
hypo=below
urethral opening on the ventral (scrotal-side) surface of the penis instead of on the tip
ventral = in contact with the scrotum
17
Q
phimosis
FYE moh sis
A
congenital condition of tightening of the prepuce around the glans penis so that the foreskin cannot be retracted
18
Q
aspermia
a SPUR mee ah
A
condition in which no spermatozoa are present, nor any semen formed or ejaculated
19
Q
azoospermia
a zoh uh SPUR mee ah
A
condition of no living sperm in the semen
20
Q
balanitis
A
inflammation of the glans penis
21
Q
benign prostatic hyperplasia
A
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland surrounding the urethra, leading to difficulty with urination
AKA benign prostatic hypertrophy
22
Q
epididymitis
A
inflammation of the epididymis, usually as a result of an ascending infection through the genitourinary tract
23
Q
erectile dysfunction (ED)
A
inability to achieve or sustain a penile erection for sexual intercourse
AKA impotence
24
Q
gynecomastia
A
enlargement of either unilateral or bilateral breast tissue in the male
gynec/o is a reference to the appearance of the breast, not to a female
25
hydrocele
HYE droh seel
accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis
Fig A
26
oligospermia
OLL ih goh spur mee ah
insufficient number of spermatozoa in semen
condition of temporary or permanent deficiency of sperm in the seminal fluid related to azoospermia
27
orchitis / testitis
inflammation of the testicles may or may not be associated with the mumps virus
28
prostatitis
pros tah TYE tis
inflammation of the prostate gland
29
testicular torsion
twisting of a testicle on its spermatic cord, usually caused by trauma
may lead to ischemia of the testicle
30
varicocele
abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord can lead to infertility
Fig B
31
vesiculitis
inflammation of a seminal vesicle, usually associated with prostatitis
32
gonorrhea
disease caused by the gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoease bacterium, which manifests itself as inflammation of the urethra, prostate, rectum, or pharynx
the cervix or fallopian tubes may also be involved in females, although they may appear to be asymptomatic
33
herpes genitalis (HSV-2)
form of the herpes virus transmitted through sexual contact, causing recurring painful vesicular eruptions
34
human papilloma virus (HPV)
virus that causes common warts of the hands and feet and lesions of the mucous membranes of the oral, anal, and genital cavities
a genital wart is referred to as a condyloma
35
nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
non gon uh KOCK ul yoor ih THRY tis
inflammation of the urethra caused by *Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium,* or *Ureaplasma urealyticum*
36
syphilis
multistage STD caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum a highly infection chancre (SHANK ur), a painless, red pustule, appears in the first stage, usually on the genitals
37
benign prostatic hypertrophy
overgrowth of prostatic tissue that occurs in many men over the age of 50
AKA benign prostatic hyperplasia
38
Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors
testicular tumors that arise from the stromal tissue of the testes that produce hormones
usually benign
39
teratoma
a tumor that is a type of nonseminoma, usually benign in children because these tumors are created from germ cells, they have half of the necessary genetic information to form an individual
AKA dermoid cyst
40
adenocarcinoma of the prostate
AD ih noh kar sih NOH muh
prostate cancer diagnosed in 1 out of every 6 men
treatable with early detection
41
nonseminoma
malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that accounts for the majority of testicular cancer cases
occurs in younger men, usually b/w ages of 15 and 35
e.g., teratocarcinoma
42
seminoma
malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that develops from the cells that form sperm
43
digital rectal examination (DRE)
insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate
44
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)
tree puhn EE muhl
definitive test for diagnosing syphilis
treponema = spiral shaped bacteria
45
gram stain
test that can be used to diagnose gonorrhea (which has gram negative bacteria)
46
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test for prostatic hypertrophy, with very high levels potentially indicating prostate cancer
47
sperm analysis
count and analysis of the number and health of the spermatozoa as a test for male fertility
AKA sperm count, semen analysis
48
venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test
test used to screen for syphilis
49
abalation
removal of tissue by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofrequency energy
50
anastomosis
ah nas tih MOH sis
new connection created between two usually hollow structures that did not previously exist
51
castration
removal of both gonads in the male or the female
52
circumcision
surgical procedure in which the prepuce of the penis or clitoris is excised
53
orchidectomy
removal of one or both testicles
54
orchiopexy
ORK ee oh peck see
surgical procedure to mobilize an undescended testicle, attaching it to the scrotum
if not corrected before puberty, is a risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer
55
prostatectomy
removal of the prostate gland
56
sterilization
process of rendering a male or female barren
57
transurethral incision of the prostate
form of prostate surgery involving tiny incisions of the prostate the prostate is not removed
58
transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP)
removal of the prostate in sections through a urethral approach
59
vasectomy
incision, ligation, and cauterization of both of the vas deferens for the purpose of male sterilization
60
vasovasostomy
vay zoh vayse OSS tuh mee
anastomosis of the ends of vas deferens as a means of reconnecting them to reverse the sterilization procedure
61
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy
62
Bx
biopsy
63
DRE
digital rectal examination
64
FTA-ABS
fluorescent treponemal antibody test
65
Gc
gonococcus
66
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus-2, herpes genitalis
67
M
male
68
NGU
nongonococcal urethritis
inflammation of the urethra caused by *Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium,* or *Ureaplasma urealyticum*
69
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
70
STD
sexually transmitted disease
71
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate
72
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
73
TUR
transurethral resection (of the prostate)
74
VD
venereal disease
75
VDRL
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (for syphilis)
76
parenchymal tissue
PURR enk uh muhl
primary tissue
performs primary functions
in the reproductive system → producing cells for reproduction
77
stromal tissue
secondary tissue
serves a supportive function
glands, nerves, ducts & other male reproductive tissues serve a supporting role in producing, maintaining, and transmitting sex cells
78
gonads
parenchymal organs of the reproductive system
e.g., testes/testicles
79
gametes
sex cells
e.g., spermatozoa
80
testis
one of the two egg-shapped male gonads, suspended in a sac called the scrotum
produces testosterone and sperm
81
tunica vaginalis testis
serous membrane covering the testis
82
seminiferous tubules
tightly coiled tubes within the testis where spermatogenesis occurs (spermatozoa are formed)
83
epididymis
| (pl. epididymides)
an elongated cordlike structure located along the posterior border of the testis
where spermatozoa, once formed in the seminiferous tubules, are stored until ejaculation
84
vas deferens
excretory duct of the testis
the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm
the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra
85
spermatic cord
contains the blood vessels supplying the testis and epididymis
encloses the vas deferens
86
vas ampullae
AM pull ee
dilated distal ends of the vas deferens
ampulla (AM pull ah) = any dilated section of a tubelike structure
87
bulbourethral gland
one of two glands situated on each side of the prostate
drains to the urethra and secretes an alkaline component of seminal fluid
AKA Cowper's gland
88
prostate gland
a gland in the male surrounding the neck of the bladder and the urethra
produces a secretion that contains citric acid, acid phosphatase, and proteolytic enzymes that liquefy coagulated semen
89
semen
| (pl. semina)
composed of spermatozoa in their nutrient plasma along with secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and other glands
AKA seminal fluid
90
glans penis
cap-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the tip of the penis
AKA balanus
91
prepuce
PRE pyoos
fold of skin forming a retractable cover
AKA foreskin
92
seminal vesicle
pouchlike pyramidal glandular structure attached to the posterior portion of the urinary bladder
the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm
the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra
produces about 70% of the seminal fluid
93
varyx
| (pl. varices)
abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course
94
spadias
a rent or tear
95
-plasia
formation
96
gon/o
seed
97
radical prostatectomy
seminal vesicles and area of vas ampullae of the vas deferens were also removed with the prostate
98
urethra
hollow tube that carries both semen and urine
starts after the prostate gland
