6. Urinary System Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
cali/o, calic/o, calyc/o
A
calyx (calyces), calix
KAY licks
extension of the ureter inside the kidney
2
Q
cellul/o, cyt/o
A
cell
3
Q
chlor/o
A
chloride
4
Q
cortic/o
A
cortex
the outer layer of a body structure, as differentiated from the internal substance
5
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
glow MAIR yoo lus
tiny ball of capillaries that filter blood into the opening of a nephron
6
Q
hil/o
A
hilum
notch through which renal artery enters and the ureter & renal vein leave the kidney
7
Q
nephr/o, ren/o
A
kidney
8
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
general term for a passageway or opening in the body
9
Q
medull/o
A
medulla
meh DULL ah
general term for the innermost part of a structure or organ
10
Q
kal/i, potassi/o
A
potassium
11
Q
peritone/o
A
peritoneum
12
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
13
Q
home/o
A
same
14
Q
natr/o
A
sodium
15
Q
trigon/o
A
trigone
TRY gohn
triangular part of the bladder between the ureters’ entrance and the urethral outlet
16
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
pair of fibromuscular tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder each tube divides into a pelvic part and an abdominal part
17
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
point of exit for excreting urine from the body
18
Q
cyst/o, vesic/o
A
urinary bladder, sac
19
Q
ur/o, urin/o
A
urine, urinary system
20
Q
-stasis
A
controlling, stabilizing
21
Q
extra-
A
outside
22
Q
anuria
ann YOOR ee ah
A
condition of no urine
23
Q
diuresis
A
increased volume of urine
condition of increased formation and excretion of urine, of large volumes of urine
caffeine and alcohol are diuretics (i.e., they increase the amount of urine produced)
24
Q
dysuria
A
condition of painful urination
25
enuresis
en yoor EE sis
involuntary urination, can be nocturnal or diurnal
AKA bedwetting
26
incontinence
inability to hold urine
27
nocturia
nock TOOR ee ah
condition of excessive urination at night
28
oliguria
ah lig GYOOR ee ah
condition of scanty urination
29
polydipsia
pah lee DIP see ah
conditions of excessive thirst usually accompanied by polyuria
30
polyuria
condition of excessive urination
31
retention
inability to release urine
32
urgency
intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately
33
albuminuria
al BYOO min yur ee ah
albumin in the urine
AKA proteinuria
34
abscess
cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
35
azotemia
eh zoh TEE mee ah
condition of excessive urea in the blood indicating nonfunctioning kidneys
AKA uremia
36
azoturia
a zoh TOOR ee ah
excessive nitrogenous compounds, such as urea, in the urine
37
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine
38
edema
accumulation of fluid in the tissues can results from kidney failure
39
glycosuria
sugar in the urine
40
hematuria
hee mah TOOR ee ah
blood in the urine
41
hypertension
condition of high blood pressure
42
pyuria
pus in the urine
43
diabetes insipidus (DI)
deficiency of antidiuretic (ADH) hormone, which causes the patient to excrete large quantities of urine (polyuria) and excessive thirst (polydipsia)
44
diabetes mellitus
meh LYE tus
metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, and possible eventual coma
45
polycystic kidney disease
inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many bilateral renal cysts that reduce functioning of renal tissue
46
renal colic
severe pain associated with stones lodged in the ureter
a stone in the ureter often begins as side pain (flank pain) before shifting to the lower back
47
urolithiasis
yoo ro lih THIGH uh sis
stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder
usually formed in patients with an excess of the mineral calcium
AKA urinary calculi
48
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also by parasites, yeast, and protozoa most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system
49
glomerulonephritis
gloh MER yoo loh neh FRY tis
inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production, and edema
50
hydronephrosis
hye droh neh FROH sis
dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine
51
nephritic syndrome
group of signs and symptoms of a urinary tract disorder, including hematuria, HTN, and renal failure
52
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney a general term that does not specify the location of the inflammation or the cause
53
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney
often caused by a drug rxn, frequently inducing poor renal function, fever, skin rash, and eosinophils in the blood/urine
54
nephropathy
disease of the kidneys a general term that does not specify a disorder
55
nephroptosis
prolapse or sagging of the kidney
56
nephrotic syndrome
abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases (e.g., DM)
AKA nephrosis
57
pyelonephritis
infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney
usually the result of lower urinary tract infection
58
renal failure
inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes may be acute or chronic
59
acute renal failure (ARF)
sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic injury to the kidney, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, or lower urinary tract obstruction characterized by oliguria and rapid azotemia
60
chronic renal failure (CRF)
long-term inability of the kidney to excrete wastes
61
renal hypertension
high blood pressure secondary to kidney disease
62
renal sclerosis
hardening of the arteries of the kidneys
AKA nephrosclerosis
63
renal adenoma
small, slow-growing noncancerous tumors of the kidney, usually found at autopsy
64
renal oncocytoma
the most common benign solid renal tumor
65
transitional cell papilloma
benign tumor of the bladder
can become malignant on recurrence
66
renal cell carcinoma
10th most common cancer
although cause is unknown, risk factors include smoking and obesity
AKA hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma
67
nephroblastoma
malignant tumors that develop from kidney cells that did not develop fully before childbirth and thus occur mainly in children
AKA Wilms tumor
68
transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder
malignant tumors that comprise approximately 90% of all bladder cancers and arise from the cells lining the bladder
69
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
70
cystocele
SIS toh seel
herniation of the urinary bladder
71
ureterocele
yoo REE tur oh seel
prolapse of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder
72
urethral stenosis
narrowing of the urethra AKA urethral stricture
73
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
74
vesicoureteral reflux
abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter
75
intravenous urography (IVU)
radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done with a contrast medium
AKA intravenous pyelography (IVP)
76
kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB)
radiographic imaging of the kidney, ureters, and bladder without a contrast medium
see Figure A
77
nephrotomography
neh froh toh MAH gruh fee
sectional radiographic exam of the after IV injection of contrast medium
78
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
sis toh yoor ee THRAH gruh free
radiographic imaging of the urinary bladder and urethra done with a contrast medium while patient is urinating
the image made by this procedure is a voiding cystourethrogram
79
cystoscopy
visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
80
catheter
hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor types of various information, and visualize a vessel or cavity
can be inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine
81
cytoscope
instrument for visual examination of the inside of the bladder
82
laparoscope
LAP ur oh skohp
type of endoscope consisting of an illuminated tube with an optical system, inserted through the abdominal wall for examining the peritoneal cavity
83
lithotrite
LITH oh tryte
instrument used to crush a calculus in the urinary bladder; fragments may then be expelled or washed out
84
nephroscope
fiberoptic instrument used specifically for the disintegration and removal of renal calculi
an ultrasonic probe emitting high-frequency sound waves breaks up the calculi, which are removed by suction through the scope
85
stent
tubular device for supporting hollow structures during surgical anastomosis or for holding arteries open after angioplasty
86
urinometer
types of hydrometer used to measure the specific gravity (DG) of a urine sample AKA urometer
87
ileal conduit
channel, pipe, or tube that guides urine from the ureters to the ileum in the digestive system to be excreted through the large intestine, when the bladder is no longer available for storing the urine and releasing it through the urethra
AKA ureteroileostomy
88
lithotripsy
process of crushing stones either to prevent or clear an obstruction in the urinary system crushing may be manual, by high-energy shock waves, or by pulsed dye laser
In each case, the fragments may be expelled naturally or washed out
89
nephrectomy
resection of the kidney
90
nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone
91
nephropexy
suspension or fixation of the kidney
92
nephrostomy
opening made in the kidney so that catheter can be inserted
93
nephrotomy
incision of the kidney
94
transurethral procedure
any procedure conducted through the urethra
95
urethrolysis
destruction of the adhesions of the urethra
96
vesicotomy
vess ih KAH tuh mee
incision of the urinary bladder
97
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
pair eh tuh NEE ul
type of renal dialysis in which an indwelling catheter in the abdomen permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the blood
98
hemodialysis (HD)
removal of certain elements (impurities or wastes) from the blood, performed by diffusion of the blood through a semipermeable membrane
type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration, and then returning it to the patient's circulation
99
renal dialysis
process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate, including poisons, drugs, urea, uric acid, and creatinine
100
renal transplant
surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient
101
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
102
ARF
acute renal failure
103
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
this test determines how much urea and nitrogen have accumulated in the blood (uremia) to determine the severity of a pt's renal failure
104
CAPD
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
105
CRF
chronic renal failure
106
Cl
chloride
107
cysto
cystoscopy
108
DI
diabetes insipidus
109
DM
diabetes mellitus
110
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
111
ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
112
HD
hemodialysis
113
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
114
IVU
intravenous urography
115
K
potassium
116
KUB
kidney, ureter, and bladder
117
L
liter
118
SG
specific gravity
measures the ability of the kidneys to regulate the concentration of urine
119
UA
urinalysis
120
VCUG
voiding cystourethrography
121
micturition
MIC tyur ition
act of releasing urine
AKA urination, voiding
122
urea
nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver and carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys for transformation into urine
123
nephron
microscopic, functional unit of the kidney
124
renal pelvis
cavity inside the kidney where urine is drained from the collecting tubules before entering the ureter
125
renal corpuscle
located at the entrance of the nephron; contains the glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule
126
stromal tissue
supportive tissue
127
-cele
herniation
128
olig/o
scanty, few
129
tens/o
stretching
130
azot/o
nitrogen
131
papill/o
nipple
132
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
a contrast medium is introduced into the urine so that the completed pyelogram will show the contrast material filling the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
133
creatinine clearance test
cree AT tuh nin
test of kidney function that compares the rate at which nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by comparing its concentration in the blood and urine over a 24-hr period
134
nephrostolithotomy
neh frost toh lith AH tuh mee
stone extraction through an artificial opening (nephrostomy)
135
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney
136
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of shock waves to crush stones in the urinary system
137
-trite
instrument to crush stones
138
stom/o
opening
139
tom/o
section
140
-pexy
fixation, suspension
141
PKU
phenylketonuria
142
parenchymal tissue
functional parts of an organ
e.g., kidney
