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B12 > Aerobic/Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (5.4) > Flashcards

Aerobic/Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (5.4) Flashcards

1
Q

State whether aerobic or anaerobic cellular respiration will occur if oxygen is available

A

Aerobic respiration

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2
Q

State the 3 stages of aerobic respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. Krebs cycle
  3. electron transport chain
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3
Q

Provide the balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 36ADP + 36Pi -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

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4
Q

State the site of Kreb’s cycle in aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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5
Q

State the site of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration

A

Mitochondrial cristae

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6
Q

State what the folded inner structure of a mitochondrion is referred to as

A

Cristae

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7
Q

State what is contained within the folded inner membrane of the mitochondrion

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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8
Q

Compare and contrast the size of the mitochondria and chloroplast

A

Mitochondria are slightly smaller than chloroplasts

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9
Q

State how mitochondrion reproduce

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

State whether or not mitochondrion reproduction is dependent or independent on the cell

A

Independent of the cell

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11
Q

State what kind of DNA is contained within a mitochondrion

A

Circular

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12
Q

State how many reactions are a part of the Kreb’s cycle

A

8 reactions

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13
Q

State whether or not each of the 8 reactions of the Kreb’s cycle stage of aerobic cellular respiration are catalysed by the same or different enzymes

A

8 different enzymes are involved

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14
Q

State what happens to the pyruvate formed from glycolysis in the Kreb’s cycle stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Diffuses from the cytoplasm through the outer membrane of the mitochondria and then moves by active transport into the mitochondrial inner membrane

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15
Q

State what the movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria uses as part of the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

ATP produced during glycolysis

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16
Q

State what pyruvate is converted into during the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

acetyl CoA

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17
Q

Describe what acetyl CoA is a substrate for in the Kreb’s cycle of aerobic cellular respiration

A

First of a series of reactions

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18
Q

State where energy is transferred to during Kreb’s cycle reactions

A

Energy-carrying coenzymes such as NADH, FADH2 and ATP

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19
Q

Describe the purpose of the electron transport chain in aerobic cellular respiration

A

Used to move protons and electrons across a membrane to generate ATP

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20
Q

Describe what NAD+ is capable of carrying

A

One hydrogen ion

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21
Q

Describe what FAD is capable of carrying

A

Two hydrogen ions

22
Q

State why oxygen is an essential part of the electron transport chain stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Picks up electrons at the end of the chain

23
Q

State what occurs if oxygen is not available during the electron transport chain phase of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Electron transport chain will stop

24
Q

Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this first stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

2 ATP molecules from glycolysis

25
Q

Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this second stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

2 ATP molecules from the Kreb’s cycle

26
Q

Provide the overall amount of ATP molecules produced from one molecule of glucose and the name of this third stage of aerobic cellular respiration

A

30-32 ATP molecules from the electron transport chain

27
Q

Describe what kind of respiration occurs in the absence or with little access to oxygen

A

Anaerobic cellular respiration

28
Q

Describe an alternative name for the anaerobic respirative pathway

A

Fermentation

29
Q

When does fermentation occur during anaerobic cellular respiration

A

After glycolysis

30
Q

State where fermentation occurs

A

Cell cytoplasm

31
Q

State what type of fermentation occurs in yeast

A

Ethanol fermentation

32
Q

In animals, glycolysis and the final reactions that converts pyruvate to lactic acid are together referred to as

A

Lactic acid fermentation

33
Q

State what the final reaction in the electron transport chain of aerobic cellular respiration requires

A

Oxygen

34
Q

State what organisms contain an enzyme that allows for the catalysis of the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid

A
  1. protists
  2. fungi
  3. animal cells
35
Q

State how the lactic acid produced through fermentation can leave the cell

A

Diffusion through the cell membrane or via specific membrane transport protein

36
Q

State what is produced by fermentation when conducted commercially on a large scale

A

Biofuels

37
Q

Compare and contrast ATP production via aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration

A

Anaerobic - 2 ATP molecules / glucose molecule

Aerobic - 30-32 ATP molecules / glucose molecule

38
Q

Describe what happens to the lactic acid in animal cells when oxygen becomes available

A

Lactic acid diffuses into the bloodstream and is converted into pyruvate for aerobic cellular respiration

39
Q

State what one glucose molecule is broken into during anaerobic respiration in animal cells

A

2 pyruvate and NADH (formed from NAD+)

40
Q

State what one glucose molecule is broken into during anaerobic respiration in fungal/plant cells

A

Ethanol and CO2 (from 2 pyruvate) and NADH

41
Q

Describe the breakdown of substances in the first step of yeast fermentation

A

Pyruvate is broken down into acetaldehyde and CO2

42
Q

Describe the breakdown of substances in the second step of yeast fermentation

A

Acetaldehyde is broken down into ethanol and NAD+ forms

43
Q

State how many steps are involved in yeast fermentation

A

There are 2 steps in yeast fermentation

44
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

glucose -> lactic acid + 2ATP

45
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

A

glucose -> carbon dioxide + alcohol + 2ATP

46
Q

State the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Oxygen gas + Glucose -> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP (energy released)

47
Q

State the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

C6H12O6 -> C3H6O3 + 2ATP

48
Q

State the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

A

C6H12O6 -> CO2 + C2H5OH + 2ATP

49
Q

Outline the role played by light in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

Light provides the energy that is absorbed by chlorophyll, which facilitates the light-dependent stage

50
Q

State the overall max yield of ATP from aerobic respiration

A

36-38ATP

B12 (41 decks)

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