Selective Breeding (9.3)

Question 1

State whether or not evolution through natural selection is ongoing

Answer 1

Ongoing

Question 2

State how humans have been manipulating allele frequencies in the gene pools of populations for thousands of years

Answer 2

Deliberate selection of particular individuals

Question 3

Describe artificial selection

Answer 3

Process of changing of allele frequencies of a population through human intervention

Question 4

Describe selective breeding

Answer 4

Artificial selection of individuals with desired traits to be interbred

Question 5

State what artificial selection has led to

Answer 5

Improved agricultural crops and domestication of animals for food or other uses

Question 6

State what humans look for during selective breeding

Answer 6

Individual organisms with desirable traits and deliberately interbreed them to increase the allele frequency of those desired traits in the gene pool

Question 7

State the 4 major steps of selective breeding

Answer 7

1. Determine desired trait
2. Interbreed parents who show desired trait
3. Select offspring with best form of trait and interbreed offspring
4. Continue process until population reliably reproduces desired trait

Question 8

Describe genetically modified organisms

Answer 8

An organism with a genetic modification made by transfer of specific genes from another organism or by gene editing techniques

Question 9

State the genetically modified organisms abbreviation

Answer 9

GMOs

Question 10

State what most selective breeding requires to be successful

Answer 10

Similar individuals to interbreed

Question 11

State what genes that are located closely on a chromosome are said to be

Answer 11

Linked

Question 12

State what the interbreeding of similar individuals in selective breeding results in

Answer 12

Increase in the allele frequency of the desired trait and a decrease in the frequency of all other alleles for this trait

Question 13

State what the interbreeding of similar individuals in selective breeding reduces in the gene pool

Answer 13

Genetic variation

Question 14

State what the interbreeding of similar individuals in selective breeding increases in the gene pool

Answer 14

Incidences of homozygosity

Question 15

State what the success of selective breeding in both plants and animals may be limited by

Answer 15

Presence of undesirable linked alleles

Question 16

State what a population with low genetic variation is often characterised by

Answer 16

All individuals are very similar

Question 17

State what alleles in a gene pool must be characterised by in order to allow a species to persist

Answer 17

High adaptive value for environmental conditions

Question 18

State what could occur due to selective breeding as a result of a single disease

Answer 18

An entire population could be wiped out (if none of the individuals is resistant)

Question 19

State what the effect of selective breeding is on biodiversity

Answer 19

Reduces biodiversity as a whole as it replaces wild varieties

Question 20

State whether or not selective breeding can increase genetic abnormalities

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

State what conditions many of the genetic abnormalities noticed in selective breeding species are

Answer 21

Recessive conditions

Question 22

State 2 processes by which evolution can occur

Answer 22

1. natural selection

2. artificial selection

Question 23

State what selective breeding is considered a traditional form of

Answer 23

Artificial selection

Question 24

Selectively bred populations tend to have low genetic variation and high homozygosity and therefore

Answer 24

1. greatly susceptible to environmental change
2. may have their biodiversity reduced if selectively bred population replace wild populations
3. increases incidence of genetic abnormalities

Question 25

State what 2 things must be present for a species to be classified

Answer 25

Ability to produce:
1. viable
2. fertile
offspring