Transition: England, The Church, And The Growth Of Islam

Question 1

Who was Alfred the Great?

Answer 1

• The Saxon king of Wessex
• Considered founder of English kingdom and greatest European ruler after Charlemagne
• Also a scholar

Question 2

What was Danelaw?

Answer 2

• arranged by Alfred the Great
• restricted Danes to North of Thames River and left Southern England under Alfred’s control

NTR LSE

Question 3

What was Alfred’s government based on?

Answer 3

• Germanic structure

- Alfred had his Witan, which consisted of nobles/earls, and thegns

Question 4

What was the wergild of a peasant and nobleman?

Answer 4

P-200 shillings

N-1200 shillings

Question 5

Which Latin manuscripts did Alfred the Great order to be translated into Anglo-Saxon?

Answer 5

• Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation
• Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy
• Some books of the Scripture

Question 6

What was the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle?

Answer 6

• Alfred the Great urged this

- The earliest history of Anglo-Saxons

Question 7

Who were Edward and Athelstan?

Answer 7

• Alfred’s son and grandson

- powerful leaders

Question 8

Who was Eric Bloodaxe?

Answer 8

Last Viking king of York, killed in 954

Question 9

Who was Bede?

Answer 9

• Venerable Bede
• greatest scholars of his time
• monk
• wrote Ecclesiastical History of the English People
• died in 735

Question 10

What is a fresco?

Answer 10

Watercolor paintings done on wet plaster

Question 11

What is an illuminated manuscript?

Answer 11

Manuscript decorated with gold

Question 12

What is a mosaic?

Answer 12

Decoration or picture made of small pieces of stone and glass in a frame

Question 13

Who are Thanes?

Answer 13

A member of a social class including lesser nobles, soldiers, and ministers

Question 14

When was Beowulf most likely written in?

Answer 14

7th or 8th century

Question 15

What caused the revival of the Byzantine Empire from the 9th to 11th centuries?

Answer 15

• Macedonian kings

- ruled 200 years

Question 16

Who was the greatest king of the Macedonian dynasty?

Answer 16

Basil II

Question 17

Who was Basil II?

Answer 17

• ‘Bulgarian Slayer’ because he devastated the Bulgarian army in 1014 and sent 15000 prisoners blinded
• Gained the most territory held by the empire since Justinian

Question 18

During Basil II’s reign, what place was the cultural center of the Mediterranean?

Answer 18

Constantinople

Question 19

Who were the two missionaries who were sent to Northumbria and Wessex?

Answer 19

• Willibrord of Ripon and Boniface

- famous for conversion of tribesmen in Germanic forests

Question 20

What are the two most famous illuminated manuscripts?

Answer 20

• Book of Kells

- Lindisfarne Gospels

Question 21

When did artistic pieces depicting the life of Christ become a controversy?

Answer 21

8th and 9th centuries

Question 22

What did Emperor Leo III do to religious paintings and statues?

Answer 22

• 726

- ordered to be destroyed

Question 23

When was Iconoclasm condemned by the church?

Answer 23

787

Question 24

When was there a break between Roman and Eastern churches?

Answer 24

1054

Question 25

The peak of Islamic power was reached during which Caliphate?

Answer 25

Abbasid Caliphate in 750

Question 26

Where did the Abbasids move their capital?

Answer 26

Bagdad in Iraq

Question 27

During which caliph reigns did arts and sciences flourish

Answer 27

Harum Al-Rashid and Al-Mamun

Question 28

Why did the decline of Islamic power in the 9th century occur?

Answer 28

Increased:

• foreign soldiers and palace guards made up of Turks
• attention to luxury than military affairs

Question 29

When was Bagdad captured and by who?

Answer 29

Seljuk Turks in 1055

Question 30

Who established the Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba?

Answer 30

• 756

- Abd ar-Rahman

Question 31

Who often attacked Cordoba?

Answer 31

Franks and scattered Spanish Christian groups

Question 32

When did the Caliphate of Cordoba fall?

Answer 32

1031

Question 33

What was the Fatimid Caliphate?

Answer 33

• Shi’ites

- ruled Egypt and North Africa