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WORLD HISTORY > U6 L5 American Revolution: American Frontier > Flashcards

U6 L5 American Revolution: American Frontier Flashcards

1
Q

By who was George Washington appointed commander of the colonial army?

A

Second Continental Congress after battle of Lexington and Concord

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2
Q

Who is famous for the saying ‘Give me liberty or give me death!’?

A

Patrick Henry of Virginia

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3
Q

What was Common Sense and who wrote it?

A
  • pamphlet by Thomas Paine

- explanation for breaking away from England

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4
Q

Who was the Commander of the English Forces in America?

A

General Thomas Gage

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5
Q

Who were minutemen?

A

militia who were alert to fight at any moment

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6
Q

When General Gage led a British army to Lexington, Massachusetts, what colonial leaders did he hope to arrest?

A
  • Samuel Adams

- John Hancock

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7
Q

Who warned the American colonists that General Gage was going to Lexington, Massachusetts?

A

fast riders form Boston and Paul Revere

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8
Q

What attack sparked the Revolutionary War?

A

General Gage’s attack on Lexington and Concord

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9
Q

Where was the Colonial Army that George Washington was appointed to quartered?

A

Boston

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10
Q

Who was the committee of 5 that was appointed to prepare the draft of a Declaration of Independence from England?

A
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Benjamin Franklin
  • John Adams
  • Robert Livingston
  • Roger Sherman

TBJ RobL RogS

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11
Q

How much American colonists are estimated to have remained loyal to England? Who did they include?

A
  • one third
  • wealthy business men
  • lawyers
  • clergymen
  • doctors
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12
Q

Who were the American Colonists who were fighting for the English labeled as?

A

Tories (term of abuse

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13
Q

How was America divided in terms of how people viewed the Revolution?

A
  • 1/3 loyal to Eng, resisted independence
  • 1/3 neutral, no active part, left to England
  • 1/3 supported independence actively
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14
Q

How did England/Tories have an advantage in the Revolutionary War?

A
  • excellent navy to move and supply army

- Tories provided troops, money and information for British (remember, they’re Americans supporting Eng)

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15
Q

What were the disadvantages England had in fighting in the Revolutionary War? (aka the advantages of the colonists)

A
  • fought far form home
  • bring most equipment across Atlantic ocean
  • British not like killing fellow Englishmen and not want king’s power increased by victory
  • British sympathetic
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16
Q

Who were the Hessians? Why were they hired?

A
  • German soldiers fighting in Revolutionary War

- British people supporting America

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17
Q

Which countries helped the American colonists in the war?

A
  • Holland
  • Spain
  • France
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18
Q

What American ship was commanded by John Paul Jones?

A

Bonhomme Richard

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19
Q

What ship did John Paul Jones capture and when?

A

1779, English ship, Seraphis

20
Q

On land, who was better organized and equipped?

A

British

21
Q

What were the disadvantages the Colonists have in the war?

A
  • colonial troops forbidden by leaders to fight outside their borders
  • Second Continental Congress had little power
  • had to request/borrow money from states because could not levy taxes
22
Q

What was the Continental army first mostly composed of?

A

state militia

23
Q

What were the results of the wars in the first few months of war?

A

defeats or draws

24
Q

What tradition did the British observe in winter?

A

discontinuing military offensives during winter

25
Q

How did the Colonists take advantage of the British stopping attacks in winter?

A
  • surprise attack across Delaware River

- captured 1000 British and Hessian Troops in Trenton, New Jersey

26
Q

Which colonist victory convinced the French that the colonists could win?

A

battle at Saratoga, Oct 1777

27
Q

When did the Colonists finally achieve victory? And what happened?

A
  • Oct 1781
  • Yorktown, Virginia
  • help of French blockade
  • General Cornwallis surrendered
28
Q

What did George III issue in February 1783?

A

Proclamation of Cessation of Hostilities

29
Q

What is The Peace Treaty of 1783 also called?

A
  • Paris Peace Treaty

- The Treaty of Paris

30
Q

Who signed The Peace Treaty of 1783?

A
  • John Adams
  • Benjamin Franklin
  • John Jay
31
Q

What was the name of America’s first constitution?

A

Articles of Confederation

32
Q

What did The Articles of Confederation establish and distribute power?

A
  • est Congress containing one house
  • one vote to each state
  • C- auth declare war, peace, borrow money, settle arguments btw states
  • C- no power to tax
  • Laws made by Congress had to be enforced by indv states as they wished
33
Q

Was The Articles of Confederation strong?

A

no, too weak

34
Q

When was a new constitution developed and adopted after The Articles of Confederation?

A

D- 1787

A- 1788

35
Q

George Washington became the first what?

A

president of US under new Constitutional govt

36
Q

Under the new Constitution, what were the 3 branches of government created?

A
  • Legislative
  • Judicial
  • Executive
37
Q

What is the legislative branch?

A
  • Congress
  • lawmaking branch
  • two houses- House of Representatives, Senate
38
Q

What is the judicial branch?

A
  • enforces and interprets laws
  • how they apply in situations
  • making judgements in courts of justice
39
Q

What are the 3 levels of US court?

A
  • district court
  • courts of appeal
  • Supreme Court
40
Q

What is the executive branch?

A

Made up of:

  • President
  • vice president
  • Pres Cabinet
41
Q

The president is not only a national leader, but also an () one

A

international

42
Q

What is the system through which the President and Vice president are elected?

A

Electoral College system

  • electors chosen by people
  • who then choose the preident
43
Q

What are the first 10 amendments of the Constitution known as?

A

Bill of Rights

44
Q

What do the first 10 amendments/Bill of Rights protect?

A

God-given rights (personal freedom) against unfair laws

45
Q

What is the central government known as?

A

Federal govt

46
Q

What does the Federal/Central government have the authority to do that states cannot do?

A
  • declaring war

- printing money

47
Q

How has The Constitution benefited the US and remained stable?

A
  • designed to meet people’s needs
  • ability to separate power groups and hold balance (executive, legislative, judicial)
  • flexible
  • automatic checking system for govt’s 3 branches

WORLD HISTORY (83 decks)

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