A&P - Chapter 26 (Part 5)

Question 1

What do mineralcorticoids (MCs) do?

Answer 1

Help to control the amount of certain mineral salts/electrolytes in the blood
- mainly sodium

Question 2

What does aldosterone target?

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

What is the main MC?

Answer 3

Aldosterone

Question 4

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 4

It increases the amount of sodium ions and decreases the amount of potassium ions or hydrogen ions in the blood

Question 5

How does aldosterone influence kidney tubules? (2)

Answer 5

1. It increases reabsorption of sodium ions back into the blood
2. Increase their secretion of potassium/hydrogen ions into the urine

Question 6

What is the net effect of aldosterone?

Answer 6

It speeds up the kidney reabsorption of water

Question 7

What do glucocorticoids help do?

Answer 7

Maintain normal blood glucose concentration by increasing gluconeogenesis of liver cells
- cells shift from carbohydrates to protein and lipid catabolism for engery

Question 8

Gluco

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

Neo

Answer 9

New

Question 10

Genesis

Answer 10

Creation of/origin of

Question 11

What do GCs play an important part of?

Answer 11

In maintaining normal blood pressure

- make it possible for other hormones to maintain normal degree of vasoconstriction

Question 12

What do GCs act with?

Answer 12

Epinephrine

Question 13

When GCs act with epinephrine what do they produce?

Answer 13

An anti-inflammatory effect to bring about normally recovery from inflammation of various kinds

Question 14

When do secretions of GC increase?

Answer 14

During stressful conditions

- activates stress responses

Question 15

What is the stress hormone?

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

What is the main glucocorticoid?

Answer 16

Cortisol

Question 17

Androgens

Answer 17

Male sex hormones

- similar to testosterone

Question 18

Where is gonadocorticoids secreted?

Answer 18

In both male and females

- in small amount

Question 19

What do gonadocorticoids contribute to?

Answer 19

The onset of puberty in both genders

Question 20

How does gonadocorticoids affect females? (2)

Answer 20

1. Stimulates female sexual drive

2. Body hair

Question 21

How does gonadocorticoids affect males?

Answer 21

Physiologically insignificant as they are overshadowed by the production of testosterone by the testes

Question 22

What hormones are found in the adrenal medulla? (2)

Answer 22

1. Epinephrine
   - 80%
2. Norepinephrine

Question 23

What do adrenal medulla hormones do?

Answer 23

They help the body resist stress by intensifying and prolonging the effects of sympathetic NS stimulation

Question 24

Are adrenal medulla hormones fast acting or slow acting?

Answer 24

Fast acting

Question 25

What kind of tissue is the adrenal medulla?

Answer 25

Neurosecretory tissue

Question 26

What is neurosecretory tissue composed of?

Answer 26

Neurons that secrete their products into the blood | - fast acting

Question 27

What are 2 pathways of stress responses?

Answer 27

1. Stress --> hypothalamus --> Anterior pituitary gland --> ACTH --> arenal cortex --> glucocorticoids 2. Stress --> hypothalamus --> sympathetic nervous system --> adrenal medulla --> hormones

Question 28

How many types of endocrine cells do pancreatic islets contain?

Answer 28

5

Question 29

What do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 29

Glucagon

Question 30

What do beta cells secrete?

Answer 30

Insulin