A&P - Chapter 27 (Part 6)

Question 1

What is the largest WBC?

Answer 1

Monocytes

Question 2

What are 2 characteristics of monocytes?

Answer 2

1. Mobile
2. Highly phagocytic
   - aggressive (engulf larger pathogens and cancerous cells)

Question 3

Macrophages

Answer 3

Are specialized monocytes that grow to several times their original size after they migrate out of the blood
- large eaters

Question 4

What kind of tissues are RBCs and WBCs produced by? (2)

Answer 4

1. Myeloid tissue
   - red bone marrow
2. Lymphatic tissue

Question 5

Hematopoeisis

Answer 5

RBC and WBC formation

Question 6

What are hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 6

Precursors of RBCs, WBCs and platelets

Question 7

Where is myeloid tissue mainly found? (3)

Answer 7

In adults…

1. Sternum
2. Ribs
3. Hip bones

Question 8

What do myeloid tissues form?

Answer 8

All types of blood cells

- although most lymphocytes and monocytes develop in lymphatic tissue

Question 9

Where are lymphatic tissue found? (3)

Answer 9

1. Lymph nodes
2. Thymus
3. Spleen

Question 10

What do lymphatic tissues form? (2)

Answer 10

1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

Question 11

Thrombocytes

Answer 11

Blood clotting cells

- Platelets

Question 12

What is the shape of platelets?

Answer 12

Small, irregular spindles or oval disks

Question 13

What are 3 important properties of platelets?

Answer 13

1. Agglutination
2. Adhesiveness
3. Aggregration

Question 14

What essential role do platelets play?

Answer 14

Blood clotting roles

Question 15

How do platelets work? (6)

Answer 15

1. Injury to a blood vessel
   - rough/damaged lining
2. Clotting factors are released at the injury site produce prothrombin activator
3. Platelets become sticky and accumulate at the injury site
   - soft temporary platelet plug
4. Prothrombin activator and calcium convert prothrombin into thrombin
5. Thrombin reacts with fibrinogen and changing it to fibrin
6. Fibrin then traps RBCs to form a clot

Question 16

Prothrombin

Answer 16

A protein normally present in the blood

Question 17

Thrombin

Answer 17

A protein important to blood clotting

Question 18

Fibrinogen

Answer 18

A soluble blood protein

Question 19

What does fibrin look like?

Answer 19

Tangle of threads

Question 20

What does fibrin do?

Answer 20

Traps RBC to form a clot

Question 21

What is an example of coagulation?

Answer 21

Vitamin K

Question 22

What does vitamin K do?

Answer 22

Stimulates liver cells to increase synthesis of prothrombin

Question 23

What does it mean if you have a faster production of thrombin?

Answer 23

Faster formation of clots

Question 24

What can clots do?

Answer 24

Shut off blood supply to vital organs

Question 25

What can clots lead to? (2)

Answer 25

1. Strokes | 2. Heart attack

Question 26

Thrombus

Answer 26

A stationary blood clot | - stays where it is formed

Question 27

Thrombosis

Answer 27

Condition of having a thrombus

Question 28

Embolus

Answer 28

Term used for a part of a thrombus which dislodges and circulates through the bloodstream - may block a blood vessel

Question 29

Embolism

Answer 29

Condition of having an embolus

Question 30

What is hemophilia characterized by?

Answer 30

An inability to form blood clots

Question 31

What is hemophilia related to?

Answer 31

X-linked inherited disorders | - x recessive

Question 32

Who do x-linked traits effect?

Answer 32

Males

Question 33

Hemophilia

Answer 33

Failure to produce one or more of the plasma proteins involved in blood clotting

Question 34

What happens if hemophilia is left untreated?

Answer 34

It can be life threatening