A&P - Chapter 36 (Part 1)

Question 1

External respiration (2)

Answer 1

1. Pulmonary ventilation

2. Pulmonary gas exchange

Question 2

Pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

Air moving in and out of the lungs

- breathing

Question 3

Pulmonary gas exchange

Answer 3

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the lungs and the blood

Question 4

Internal respiration

Answer 4

Exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body/systemic tissue

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

The use of oxygen by cells in the process of metabolism

Question 6

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 6

In the mitochondria

Question 7

What are the 2 phases of breathing?

Answer 7

1. Inspiration

2. Expiration

Question 8

Inspiration

Answer 8

Movement of air into lungs

Question 9

Expiration

Answer 9

Movement of air out of lungs

Question 10

What happens to the lungs during breathing? (2)

Answer 10

1. Changes in size and shape of thorax
   - caused by respiratory muscles
2. Cause changes in air pressure within the thoracic cavity and the lungs

Question 11

What causes air to move in and out of the lungs?

Answer 11

Air pressure differences

Question 12

What happens to the lungs during inspiration? (2)

Answer 12

1. Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure
2. Chest cavity enlarges, lungs expand, air rushes in

Question 13

What happens to the lungs during expiration?

Answer 13

Pressure in the alveoli of the lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

Question 14

What are the respiration muscles? (3)

Answer 14

1. Diaphragm
2. Internal intercostals
3. External intercostals

Question 15

What are the inspiratory muscles?

Answer 15

1. Diaphragm

2. External intercostals

Question 16

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? (3)

Answer 16

1. Contracts
2. Flattens
3. Increases height of the chest cavity

Question 17

What happens to the external intercostals during inspiration? (2)

Answer 17

1. Contraction lifts the ribs

2. Increase depth and width of chest cavity

Question 18

What does the increased size of the chest cavity do?

Answer 18

Reduces pressure within it and the lungs, and air enters the lungs

Question 19

What happens during normal/quiet expiration (passive process)?

Answer 19

Inspiratory muscles relax so the chest cavity returns to its resting size and shape

Question 20

What aids in expiration?

Answer 20

Elastic recoil of lung tissues

Question 21

What muscles are used in forceful expiration?

Answer 21

1. Internal intercostals

2. Abdominal muscles

Question 22

What does reduction in the size of the chest cavity do?

Answer 22

Increase its pressure and air leaves the lungs

Question 23

What do internal intercostals do during expiration?

Answer 23

Contraction depresses the rib cage

- decreases ‘depth’ of chest cavity

Question 24

What does abdominal muscle contraction do? (2)

Answer 24

1. Abdominal organs push up against diaphragm

2. Decrease the ‘height’ of chest cavity

Question 25

Tidal volume

Answer 25

Amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration

Question 26

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal expiration - e.g. after expiring the tidal volume

Question 27

Internal reserve volume

Answer 27

Amount of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inspiration

Question 28

Residual volume

Answer 28

Air left in lungs after the most forceful expiration

Question 29

Vital capacity

Answer 29

Largest amount of air that can be breathed out in one respiration/pulmonary ventilation

Question 30

What is the formula for vital capacity?

Answer 30

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 31

What is pulmonary volumes and capacities measured with?

Answer 31

A spirometer