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ANAT 214 > Abdominal Neurovasculature > Flashcards

Abdominal Neurovasculature Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does abdominal aorta enter abdomen

A

Enters abd at t12 through thoracic aperture
Descends along vertebral column, left to midline

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2
Q

Where does abdominal aorta terminate

A

Terminates at l4
Bifurcates into 2 common iliac arteries
2-2.5 cm below umbilicus

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3
Q

Describe branches of abdominal aorta

A

Paired parietal posterior
Paired visceral lateral
Unpaired anterior

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4
Q

Describe paired parietal posterior branches abd aorta

A

Related to post abd wall
Branches = Inferior phrenic, Lumbar arteries

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5
Q

Describe inferior phrenic (paired parietal posterior)

A

1st branches from aorta, under thoracic aperture
Follows inf surface diaphragm (recall musclophrenic and phrenic = ant and lat surface)

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6
Q

What does inferior phrenic give (paired parietal posterior)

A

Superior suprarenal arteries- to suprarenal gland

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7
Q

Describe lumbar arteries (paired parietal posterior)

A

4 pairs, l1-l4
From post aspect abd aorta to along vertebral body
Also vascularizes spinal chord - segments, cns - and post abd wall

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8
Q

Describe paired visceral later branches abd aorta

A

Retro visceral
Branches = middle suprarenal, renal, gonadal

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9
Q

Describe middle suprarenal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Arise on each side aorta, superior to renal arteries
Vascularize suprarenal renal glands (superior pole kidneys)

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10
Q

Describe renal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Large vessels arise on each side aorta, almost lateral to SMA,
Left and right renal artery
Vascularize kidneys = 1.2l/min

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11
Q

Describe left renal artery vs right renal artery (paired visceral lateral)

A

Left renal = 1/2 shorter than right
Right renal = passes behind ivc
OPPOSITE FOR RENAL VEINs

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12
Q

What does renal give (paired visceral lateral)

A

Inferior suprarenal arteries

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13
Q

Describe gonadal (paired visceral lateral)

A

Testicular or ovarian
Urinary and reproductive blood supply comes from abd region bc embryology
Arise inferior to renal arteries on anterolateral surface aorta
Directed inferiorly, crosses over ureter and travels down psoas

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14
Q

Describe where gonadal goes for males and females (paired visceral lateral)

A

Male = in spermatic cord in inguinal canal
Female = to ovary in pelvic cavity

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15
Q

Describe unpaired visceral anterior branches abd aorta

A

Branches = celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

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16
Q

What does celiac trunk supply

A

Foregut
Arises on ant surface aorta, right below aortic aperture - t12

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17
Q

Name the 3 branches of celiac trunk

A

Left gastric
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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18
Q

Describe left gastric (celiac trunk)

A

Uppermost branch celiac trunk
Follows lesser curvature stomach
Vascularize lesser curvature stomach, inferior portion eso (abdominal) and lesser omentum

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19
Q

What does left gastric give (celiac trunk)

A

Gives oesophageal branches

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20
Q

Describe common hepatic artery

A

Large vessels
Directed to right - to liver

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21
Q

Name the 2 branches common hepatic gives (celiac trunk)

A

Proper hepatic artery
Gastroduodenal artery

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22
Q

Describe proper hepatic artery (celiac trunk)

A

Goes towards liver (also cystic)

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23
Q

What does proper hepatic artery give (celiac trunk)

A

Right gastric (for lesser curvature stomach) - anastomose with left gastric
Right and left hepatic arteries

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24
Q

Describe gastroduodenal artery (celiac trunk)

A

Goes down towards pancreas and duodenum

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25
What does gastroduodenal artery give (celiac trunk)
Right gastro omental artery Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
26
Describe splenic artery (celiac trunk)
Large curled vessel, directed to left, passing posterior to stomach
27
What does splenic artery give (celiac trunk)
Pancreatic arteries Left gastro omental= anastomose with right gastro omental artery Short gastric artery = Vascularize fundus of stomach
28
What does superior mesenteric supply (celiac trunk)
Anterior surface aorta Behind neck of pancreas Anterior to left renal vein Vascularize midgut, transition d2 recall
29
What does superior mesenteric give (celiac trunk)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries - 1st branch, anastomose with superior pancreaticoduodenal All other branches si = jejunal, ileal, iliocolic, right colic middle colic
30
What does inferior mesenteric supply (celiac trunk)
Anterior surface aorta, l3, inferior to duo Vascularize hind gut
31
What does inferior mesenteric give (celiac trunk)
Left colic - anastomose with middle colic via marginal colic branch Sigmoid arteries Superior rectal artery
32
Describe inferior vena cava
Originates where 2 common iliac veins merge Drains post abd wall and retro organs Ascends on right side vertebral column, passes posterior to liver and enters thoracic cavity through canal aperture - t8
33
What can we use ivc for - clinical
To help repair rupture of abd aorta, can live w/o ivc
34
Describe what drains posterior abd wall
Inferior phrenic veins and lumbar veins (4)= drain post abd wall and diaphragm Ascending lumbar veins
35
Describe ascending lumbar - drains post abd wall
Between lumbar veins, continuous with azygous system Functions as collateral pathway between ivc and svc Drains into ivc
36
Describe veins of Retroperitoneal organs
Renal, suprarenal and Gondal veins
37
Describe drainage of gonadal and suprarenal veins
Left gonadal and suprarenal veins drain into left renal vein NOT ivc directly NOT THE SAME AS RIGHt= drains directly into ivc
38
Describe veins of Intraperitoneal organs
Hepatic veins = drains liver to return blood to systemic circulation, immediately inferior to canal aperture
39
Does ivc has anterior unpaired vein branches from gi
Nahhhahahhah
40
What is hepatic portal vein
Drains All segments gi Downstream vessel, before liver Passes posterior to duo, enters hepatoduodenal ligament, most pos structure Major anatomical variation, usually connection of splenic and superior mesenteric
41
Name the 3 main branches of portal vein
Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein Inferior mesenteric vein
42
Describe splenic vein - branch of portal vein
Drains spleen and part of foregut - receives short gastrics, esophageal, left gastro omental and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins
43
Describe superior mesenteric vein - branch of portal vein
Midgut, drains si and most of li, same as sma tributaries Receives right gastro omental and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins
44
Describe inferior mesenteric vein - branch of portal vein
Drawings hindgut, same as ima tributaries Left colic, sigmoidal, superior renal (NOT middle and inf rectal) Smaller than sma
45
Where does inferior mesenteric vein DRAIN - branch of portal vein
Drains into splenic vein but sometimes directly into hepatic portal vein
46
What is portosystemic anastomosis
Drains by 2 systems Hepatic portal system drains abd viscera, organs to liver If high portal vein pressure - like in cirrhosis = less blood flows to liver but wil reflux into systemic circulation through portosystemic anastomosis
47
Describe gastroesophageal junction - portosystemic anastomosis
Esophageal veins from left gastric vein to azygous system Reflux into esophageal veins = esophageal varices
48
Describe anorectal junction - portosystemic anastomosis
Superior rectal veins to middle and inferior rectal veins Reflux into veins from internal iliac arteries = hemorrhoids
49
Describe umbilicus - portosystemic anastomosis
Paraumbilical veins to anterior abd wall Causes Caput medusae - distend stomach, engorged superficial epigastric veins
50
Describe portosystemic anastomosis - clinical Gen
Portal hypertension = varicoceles and hemorrhoids
51
Describe sympathetic innervation
T1-l2 Thoracic splanchnic = pass from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus and ganglia, pass through diaphragm Cura
52
When want to reach organs-viscera…
Does not synapse, moves on and meets group
53
Compare para vs pre vertebral
Para = on each side Pre = in front
54
Describe lumbar splanchnic nerves
2-4 splanchnic nerve From lumbar portion of sympathetic trunk to aortic and superior hypogastric plexuses (prevertebral ganglia or plexus)
55
Describe prevertebral ganglia and plexus - Gen
Presynaptic neurons of thoracic splanchnic nerves synapse in prevertebral ganglia Prevertebral plexus and ganglia associated to aortic branches
56
What are major ganglia (prevertebral ganglia and plexus)
Organization of cell bodies of postsynaptic neurons
57
Name and describe the 4 types of major ganglia (prevertebral ganglia and plexus)
Celiac= 2, associated with celiac trunk Superior mesenteric = 1, associated with sma Inferior mesenteric =1, associated with ima Aorticorenal = 2, associated with renal arteries
58
Describe psns innervation - which types
Vagus - Cnx Pelvic splanchnic
59
Describe vagus psns innervation
Through esophageal hiatus Reach celiac and superior mesenteric regions Will synapse in organs wall Psns innervation to foregut and midgut
60
Describe pelvic splanchnics - psns
S2-s4 Enters inferior hypogastric plexus in pelvis Ascend through hypogastric nerve Reach inferior mesenteric region (superior hypogastric plexus and aortic plexus)
61
Describe what plexus means
Abdominal prevertebral plexus = v complex Many ganglia around Do not know if psns or sns Collection of nerve fibers surrounding aorta and branches
62
Where do fibers of sns and psns synapse for plexuses
Sns = synapses in prevertebral ganglia Psns = synapse in wall of target organ
63
Name the 3 kinds of plexuses
Celiac Aortic Superior hypogastric
64
Describe celiac plexus
Nerve fibers related to sma and celiac trunk Psns =vagal trunk Sns = greater and lesser splanchnics
65
Describe aortic plexus
Nerve fibers of anterior surface of abd aorta from sma to aortic bifurcation Psns = pelvic splanchnic Sns = lumbar splanchnic Once bifurcation = now called superior hypogastric plexus
66
Describe superior hypogastric plexus
Same as aortic plexus but below aortic bifurcation Connected to inferior hypogastric plexus via hypogastric nerve

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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