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ANAT 214 > Midgut and Hindgut > Flashcards

Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Describe midgut generally

A

Starts in 2nd portion duo
Part of gi tract forming ost of intestines

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2
Q

What supplies midgut

A

Superior mesenteric a = 2nd unpaired branch aorta

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3
Q

Describe content midgut

A

Duo - distal 1/2
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum and appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon - prox 2/3

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4
Q

Describe hind gut Gen

A

Distal portion gi
Shortest portion

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5
Q

What supplies hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric a

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6
Q

Describe contents hindgut

A

Transverse colon = distal 1/3
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Recto
Anal canal (upper part)

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7
Q

Describe transition to midgut

A

In 2nd portion duo = blood supply changes

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8
Q

Describe transition from duo to jejunum

A

Duodenal flexure
Si = intra

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9
Q

Describe arterial supply duodenum - anastomoses

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal (gastroduodenal - common hepatic - celiac trunk) and inferior pancreaticoduodenal (sma) arteries anatomose

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10
Q

Describe jejunum

A

2nd portion si
Makes proximal 2/5 si
Specialized in nutrient absorption

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11
Q

What is location of jejunum

A

From duo at duodenojejunal flexure
(Made by suspensory muscle/lig of duo = treitz)
To ileum

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12
Q

Is there a clear anatomical distinction between duo and jejunum

A

No

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13
Q

What is treitz

A

Extension so do not regurgitate in mouth, Smooth muscle fibers to help contract

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14
Q

What is purpose of suspensory ligament of jejunum

A

Jejunum heavy
When Breathe in = increased pressure produced by diaphragm, contract les and pull on treitz = reduce this increased pressure

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15
Q

What is found in jejunum - folds

A

Plicae circulares = numerous circular folds in its lumen
Increased surface area for absorption
Rugged wall, 1st portion received a much richer bolus

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16
Q

Describe arterial supply distribution jejunum

A

Less prominent arterial arcades
Long vasa recta (straight arteries)

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17
Q

Compare jejunum and ileum - muscle

A

Ileum = Less plicae, more smooth, peyers patches

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18
Q

Describe ileum

A

Final section si
Makes distal 3/5 of si
Longer than jejunum

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19
Q

Describe location of ileum

A

From jejunum (suspended in mesentery) to ileocecal junction - forms sphincter like end

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20
Q

Describe anatomical distinction of ileum

A

Contains lymphoid nodules = peyers patches
Plicae circulares = low and sparse
Denser arterial arcades and shorter vasa recta

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21
Q

Compare arterial supplies of jejunum and ileum

A

Jejnum = long vasa recta, proximal
Ileum = short vasa recta, many of arterial arcades, distal, I LOVE ARCADE FIRE

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22
Q

Describe mesentery of si

A

Ileum and Jejunum suspended in mesentery = peritoneal fold that carries blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve fibers
Link post abd wall to organ

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23
Q

Describe arterial supply midgut - Gen

A

From sma
Gives jejunal and ileal arteries
Ends in arterial arcades and vasa recta

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24
Q

What is root of mesentery

A

Entry/exit vasculature

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25
Describe large intestine
1.5m long and large diameter Extends from cecum to anal canal Converters liquid feces to semi solid state Absorbs water, salt and electrolytes
26
Describe parts of li
Cecum, appendix, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, anal canal Transition to hind gut = in transverse colon
27
Describe flexures of li
Right colic flexure - hepatic Left colic flexure - splenic (Hits organ and changes direction)
28
Describe Taenia coli of li
Longitudinal band Smooth muscle fibers - helps contract - peristalsis 3 of them = ribbon smooth muscle, organized each side li, converge onto appendix When contract = makes colon fold on itself
29
Describe omental appendices of li
Peritoneal covered fat lobules NOT ON RECTUM Fat storage? Depends on bmi
30
Describe haustra of colon
Pouches like sacculations Give Segmented appearance to colon Due to contractions of Tenia coli
31
Describe cecum
1st part li Inf to ileocecal opening Removes water and salts, secreted mucus to lube stool
32
Describe location of cecum
Right iliac fossa
33
Is cecum retro
NOOOOOOOOOOOOOO INTRA But not suspended in mesentery Tenia coli = from appendix up Continuous with ascending colon
34
Describe appendix
Mobile Narrow, hollow, blind ended tube connected to cecum Contains large aggregation of lymphoid tissue Location highly variable = retrocecal or subcecal
35
Describe Clinical- mcburney’s point
1/3 of from Asis to umbilicus Tenderness at this point = acute appendicitis Surgery needed, if burst = infection would spread in abd region, not contained, could lead to peritonitis
36
Describe iliocecal opening
Passage of si to li, sphincter= ileocecal Gastrointestinal reflex = activates peristalsis
37
Describe ascending colon
Behind liver
38
Describe location of ascending colon
From cecum to hepatic flexure Under right lobe of liver
39
Is ascending colon retro
YES Creates paracolic gutters
40
Describe paracolic gutters - ascending colon
Folding of peritoneum forms paracolic gutters Between colon and posterolateral abdominal wall Allows passage and accumulation of fluids from diff abd regions If infection = would accumulate here *serous fluid, peritoneum
41
Describe transverse colon
Longest and move movable part of colon Jump form right side to other Intra, fixed where spleen is and where liver is but then suspended by mesentery
42
Is transverse colon in midgut or hindgut
Marks transition between 2
43
Describe location of transverse colon
Crosses abdomen from hepatic flexure to splenic Flexure
44
Is transverse colon Intra or retro
INTRA Completely invested by peritoneum Connected to post abd wall (over pancreas) by transverse mesocolon Ant layer of mesocolon adherent to post layer of greater omentum
45
Describe midgut blood supply - Gen
Branches named by region they supply Series of branches along sma
46
Describe midgut blood supply - branches
Jejunal arteries Ileal arteries Ileocolic artery (terminal branch sma) = ileocecal junction Right colic artery = ascending colon Middle colic artery = midgut section of transverse colon
47
Describe marginal artery - midgut blood supply
runs along mesenteric border of large intestine: Connects iliocolic, right, middle from SMA & left colic from inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
48
Where is descending colon
From splenic flexure to sigmoid colon Attached to diaphgram through phrenicocolic ligament
49
What is splenic flexure - descending colon
More acute bend, higher and more posterior than hepatic flexure
50
Is descending colon Intra
NO retro Folding of peritoneum forms paracolic gutters Between colon and posterolateral abdominal wall
51
Describe clinical case - right and left paracolic gutters
Possible to mobilize colon by cutting peritoneum along peritoneal reflection - white line of toldt Cut and move it over, so can get to abd aorta first
52
Describe sigmoid colon
S shaped portion colon Last portion When hits iliac bone on left
53
Describe sigmoid colon Location
Crosses iliac fossa to join rectum in pelvis
54
Describe sigmoid colon - INTRA OR RETRO
INTRAAAAA Suspended in sigmoid mesocolon Quite mobile since suspended in mesocolon Contains inferior mesenteric vessels
55
DESCRIBE RECTUM
12 cm long NO TENIA coli, just smooth muscle Accumulates feces, not much absorption
56
Describe rectum location
From sigmoid colon at rectosigmoid junction (level s3) to anal canal as it passed through pelvic floor (ends at anorectal ring)
57
Describe rectum - Dilations/diameter
First portion is extension of sigmoid colon = same diameter Rectal ampulla = dilated portion near its end, stores feces before release via anal canal
58
Is sigmoid colon retro or intra
RETRO - needs to be stable, accumulates Weight
59
Describe anal canal
2.5-4cm long Terminal part li Differentiated from rectum by transition of its internal surface = from endodermal to skin like ectodermal
60
Where is location anal canal
Below pelvic diaphragm From anorectal junction (more constricted here) to anus (external opening of rectum) Surrounded by inner involuntary and outer voluntary sphincters
61
Describe clinical - cancers, hemorrhoids
Internal hemorrhoids = no sensory info (simple columnar epi) External hemorrhoids = can feel (stratified squamous epi) Cancers will be diff if on inside or outside
62
Describe hind gut blood supply - Gen
Branches named according to region All from inferior mesenteric artery
63
Describe branches of Hindgut blood supply
Left colic = descending colon Sigmoid arteries = sigmoid colon (in sigmoid mesocolon) Superior rectal artery = terminal branch for superior rectum
64
Describe marginal artery - hind gut
runs along mesenteric border of large intestine: Connects iliocolic, right, middle from SMA & left colic from inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
65
Describe what blood supply is to rectum
Superior rectal (inf mesenteric artery) Middle rectal (internal iliac artery) Inferior rectal (internal pudenal artery)

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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