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ANAT 214 > Nasal Cavities > Flashcards

Nasal Cavities Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

define hard palate

A

separates oral and nasal cavities
roof of mouth

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2
Q

define pharynx

A

posterior to larynx
continuous with eso
begins at nasal cavity
posterior to oral cavities

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3
Q

define soft palate

A

makes separation between naso and oro pharynx
more squishy
uvula

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4
Q

define nasopharynx

A

posterior to pharynx

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5
Q

define oropharynx

A

inferior to nasopharynx

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6
Q

define laryngoharynx

A

posterior to larynx

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7
Q

define epiglottis

A

moves
space between oro and laryngo pharnx
shifts when swallow

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8
Q

describe nasal cavities - gen

A

pyramidal shaped space
divided into 2 equal halves by nasal septum
open at anterior (to outside) and posterior end (to nasopharynx)
bilaterally symmetrical around septum

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9
Q

describe choanae

A

internal openings
left and right

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10
Q

describe nasal septum

A

medial wall
bone and cartilage separation

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11
Q

describe nares

A

nostrils
External openings = holes open

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12
Q

describe floor of nasal cavity

A

hard palate

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13
Q

define conchae of nose

A

bones that come off 2 lateral walls (one at each end of nasal cavity)
turbinates
3x curved bony projections from lateral walls of each cavity
creates channels between them = meatuses

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14
Q

describe conchae of nose and spaces

A

superior concha
superior meatus
middle concha
middle meatus
inferior concha
inferior meatus

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15
Q

describe bony boundaries of nasal cavities - gen

A

neuro and viscerocranium

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16
Q

which bones make up superior/anterior part of lateral walls of nasal cavities

A

to nares –
lacrimal and nasal

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17
Q

which bones make up floor (hard palate) and lateral wall of nasal cavities

A

maxilla - primarily responsible for floor of nasal cavity and lateral wall
palatine - posterior region of floor, 2/3 hard palate and lateral wall

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18
Q

which bones make up roof and medial walls of nasal cavities

A

vomer = inf to ethmoid, creates medial wall (sticks out superiorly), attaches to maxilla and palatine
ethmoid = both sup and middle conchae come off, also contributes to LATERAL wall, sup to vomer

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19
Q

which bones make up roof and posterior lateral wall of nasal cavities

A

sphenoid- medial pterygoid plate, very end of nasal cavity

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20
Q

which bones make up roof - ant of nasal cavities

A

frontal - roof, top, anterior

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21
Q

describe inf nasal concha - bone

A

own bone even tho a projection from maxilla (grows out of it)

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22
Q

describe maxilla - more detailed, situate in nasal cavity

A

maxilla sends process between nasal and lacrimal bone
all 3 contribute to anterior aspect lateral wall

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23
Q

describe ethmoid - contributes to nasal cavity

A

crista galli
Perpendicular plate = medial wall
hard palate - maxilla - floor
sup and mid conchae = lateral wall - contributes to paranasal sinuses, air cells - pockets, inflates conchae

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24
Q

Describe conchae and meatuses - gen

A

conchae = grow out of lateral walls
meatuses = channels air, slows it down (acts as baffles)

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25
Describe conchae and meatuses - sup vs inf
sup = tucked away in upper corner of nasal cavity - roof inferior = own bone
26
what do the 3 conchae create
3 meatuses channel air through nasal cavity from nares to choanae
27
what do conchae act as
baffles restrains air flow to warm and humidify increases surface area of mucosa
28
describe mucosa of nasal cavity - gen
richly vascularized lining of soft tissue helps warm and moisturize air all inisde surfaces of nasal cavity are lined with mucosa
29
describe mucosa of nasal cavity - function
warm humidify and filter air
30
Describe pharyngotympanic tube - gen
connects nasopharynx and middle ear allows pressure to be equalized on both sides of tympanic membrane so will not get pain due to pressure difference (could push into middle ear)
31
Describe ostium of pharyngotympanic tube - open/closed?
squished normally not covered connects tympanum to naso pharynx
32
Describe paranasal sinuses - gen
holes within bones 4 paired air pilled spaces lined with mucosa
33
Describe paranasal sinuses - functions
immune - mucosa, mucous warming/humidify air maybe = altering/amplifying voice (modulate freq) scaling skull size - appropriately as grow (want to keep skull light, not grown solid bone, except for temporal - ear) also need surface area to attach muscles of mastication without making skull heavy
33
Describe paranasal sinuses - connections
connected medially to nasal cavities that grown within = frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid bones (air cells) freely connected with nasal cavities
34
describe paranasal sinuses - anatomically
maxillary sinus - pretty big, sits above teeth, opening behind middle concha Frontal sinus = size varies sphenoid sinus = anterior and inf, next to sella turcica
35
Describe paranasal sinuses - drainage pathways generally
connected with nasal cavities (all drains into nasal cavity, not isolated) mucous drains into nasal cavity - immune factors and other things to maintain proper function of nasal cavities
36
Describe paranasal sinuses - drainage pathways specific pathways SPECFIFIFIICIIICICI
frontal, maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses drain into middle meatus (inf to middle concha) Sphenoid sinus drains into sphenoethmoidal recess
37
describe mucus accumulation - drainage pathways
mucous accumulation from sinuses can enter nasal cavity, then into nasopharynx via choanae usually end up swallowing it
38
what is sinusitis - clinical correlate
Inhaled air and pathogens can enter sinuses and lead to infections poold in maxillary sinus, can also cause referred pain to upper teeth (via maxillary nerve v2 branches) Mucous irritates nerves lining space = SUPERIOR alveolar nerves if pathogen or virus infection causes more mucous inflammation
39
what is pharyngotympanic tube aka
auditory tube eustachian tube
40
where is lacrimal gland
Superior lateral part of orbit
41
describe lacrimal path - across eye
across eye towards medial aspect
42
describe lacrimal gland innervation
tears - parasym, cnVII
43
describe lacrimal puncta
openings supposed to drain fluid from eyes Crying = overwhelm puncta
44
describe lacrimal sac
sits in fossa between lacrimal and maxilla bones
45
describe lacrimal fossa
between lacrimal and maxilla bones lacrimal sac drains into fossa (groove in medial wall of orbit)
46
describe nasolacrimal duct
leads to nasal cavity in inf meatus
47
Describe lacrimal apparatus drainage
passes on from fossa --> nasolacrimal duct and drains into nasal cavity arrives in nasal cavity = inf to inf nasal concha (inf meatus) why we sniffle when cry = excess tears end up in nasal cavity
48
describe carotid system - gen
blood supply to all organs and regions of the head (also w/ contributions from vertebral arteries to the brain)
49
what does common carotid artery do
detects pulse Early branch at systemic blood system
50
describe carotid system - bifurc
rises superiorly in neck and bifurcates at ~c4-5 level into internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA)
50
describe carotid system - beginning
begins as common carotid artery - early branch of aorta
51
describe carotid system - path
aorta --> common carotid a --> bifurcation --> ECA & ICA
52
what does ICA supply
inside brain
52
describe things at bifurcation of carotid
carotid sinus body = regulated blood physiology (chemistry, glossopharyngeal)
53
what does ECA supply
scalp face oral and nasal cavities
54
where does ICA enter cranial cavity
via carotid canal and foramen lacerum
55
describe ICA - branches
gives off large branch to orbit and eye = ophthalmic artery --> gives blood to orbit, eyes, lacrimal gland, goes through SOF to get to orbit most branches supply blood to brain
56
describe ECA - gen
main blood supply to structures of neck, face, scalp and oral and nasal cavities
57
describe ECA - branch
maxillary artery = terminal branch eca (other = superficial temporal artery) passes medial to mandible gives rise to branches to oral cavity
58
describe a terminal branch of maxillary
sphenopalatine a enters nasal cavity at sphenopalatine foramen (enters lateral posterior nasal cavity) major blood supply for nasal cavity ECA--> maxillary a -->sphenopalatine
59
describe blood supply to nasal cavity - gen
arterial supply mainly from sphenopalatine a (nasal and septal branches) from ethmoidal arteries, branches of ophthalmic (ICA) forms connections - anastomoses - many parts - so arterial blood supply hard to find
60
describe blood supply to nasal cavity - anatomically
ethmodial aa = next to cribirform plates sphenopalatine foramen = entrance
61
describe blood supply to nasal cavity - divisions
ant = from ICA (ethmoidal) post = from ECA (maxillary, sphenopalatine)
62
describe innervation of nasal cavity - gen sensory split
Innervation to nasal cavities = split between branches of trigeminal = ophthalmic (v1) and maxillary nerve (v2)
63
describe innervation of nasal cavity - ophthalmic branches
lines superior orbit NFL, enters ant nose anterior ethmoid nerve = branch of nasocilary, to ant and lateral walls including septal cartilage
64
describe innervation of nasal cavity - maxillary branches
post territory nasal nerves= branches of maxillary - to post, lateral, medial walls, include septal cartilage nasopalatine = enters via sphenopalatine foramen, along vomer (border) and septum = medial wall also enters oral cavity via incisive foramen (little canal) to palate (anterior palate)
65
describe innervation of nasal cavity - special sensory
olfactory CN I through cribriform plate --> olfaction only lines superior and middle conchae and perpendicular plate

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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