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ANAT 214 > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

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1
Q

describe roles of skull or cranium - 3

A

encloses and protects
houses
Structural support

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2
Q

what does skull enclose/protect

A

brain - cns

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3
Q

what does skull house

A

organs and spaces relating to special senses of olfaction, vision, hearing, balance and taste
(associated with individual cranial nerves)

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4
Q

what does skull serve as structural support for

A

scaffolding for soft tissues of head and neck = attachment sites for muscles of mastication and muscles of facial expression

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5
Q

how many bones in skull

A

22

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6
Q

what are 2 categories of skull bones

A

neurocranium
viscerocranium

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7
Q

describe neurocranium

A

braincase
protects brain
8 bones

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8
Q

describe viscerocranium

A

bones of face and jaw
14 bones

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9
Q

name all neurocranium bones and describe - brief

A

frontal = forehead, unpaired, ONE
Parietal = paired, left and right, TWO
temporal = paired, l/r, around midline of face, TWO
occipital = unpaired, back of head (associated with vertebral column, spinal cord runs through), ONE
sphenoid = unpaired, ONE
ethmoid = unpaired, related to sense of smell, ONLY ONE

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10
Q

what are sutures

A

ways bones fused together
squiggly lines
solidly fused in adulthood

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11
Q

name and describe all neurocranium sutures

A

sagittal = connects 2 parietals, parallel to sagittal plane
coronal = frontal to parietals, parallel to coronal plane
lambdoid = connects parietals to occipital, tripartite lamdba structure
squamosal = parietal to temporal
pterion = junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones

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12
Q

compare adult skull and neonates

A

adult = solid fibrous joints
Neonates = soft connective tissues = fontanelles, soft spots = grows as baby grows, brain grows, 7-9y/o = brain growth slows down

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13
Q

what is cranial fossa

A

regions
depressions in skull

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14
Q

name 3 cranial fossa

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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15
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
frontal lobes or cerebrum = higher cognitive function

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16
Q

describe middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid, parietal, temporal
temporal lobes of cerebrum = memory

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17
Q

describe posterior cranial fossa

A

occipital, parietal, temporal
cerebellum (motor functions) and brainstem , hindbrain
some sphenoid too but mostly ignore

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18
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - gen

A

frontal bone contributes to roof of orbit (orbital plates)

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19
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - ethmoid

A

ethmoid contributes to medial wall of orbit and nasal cavities

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20
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - cristal galli

A

Processes that stick out
roosters crest
serves as attachment for meninges = sheet of ct that separates hemispheres

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21
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - perpendicular plate

A

part of nasal septum
Contributes to nasal septum
air cells and conchae = pockets with air cells that warms up air, increases surface area of where we can have olfactory receptors

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22
Q

describe anterior cranial fossa - cribriform plate

A

has foramina for olfactory nerves
cranial –> nasal cavity
one on each side of crista galli

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23
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid general

A

keystone cranial bone - bridges ant and mid cf
articulates with ALL other bones of neurocranium and 5 in viscerocranium (zygomatics, palatines. vomer)
foramina for passage of several cranial nerves
blood supply to cranium and brain

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24
Q

describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid structures

A

lesser wing and greater wing
sella turcica with hypophyseal fossa (seat of saddle = pituitary gland, inferior surface of brain)

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25
describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid orbit
Contributes to most posterior aspect of orbital plate
26
describe ant/mid cf - sphenoid body of sphenoid
pterygoid process with medial and lateral plates little legs = muscles attach here (mastication and neck)
27
name parts of mid/post cf
temporal parietal Occipital
28
describe parts of mid/post cf = parietal
contributes to wall on the side
29
describe parts of mid/post cf = occipital
houses cerebellum and has brain stem
30
name parts of mid/post cf = temporal
squamous portion petrous portion
31
describe mid/post cf = temporal squamous
very thin wall of neurocranium doesnt need to be thick
32
describe mid/post cf = temporal petrous
petrous portion = one of densest non tooth bones - bc auditory vestibular apparatus needs to be isolated = dampener and cushions rocky ridge = in petrous portion, transition from mid to post cf
33
describe mid/post cf = temporal acoustic
tympanic portion associated with external acoustic meatus (allows sound in) temporal --> tympanic portion and hits eardrum components of inner ear within petrous temporal bone
34
what are cranial foramina
holes
35
describe cranial foramina - anterior cf
cribriform foramina in ethmoid - fibers from olfactory nerve passing back into cranial cavity
36
name cranial foramina - posterior cf
internal acoustic meatus jugular foramen hypoglossal canal foramen magnum
37
describe internal acoustic meatus - posterior cf foramina
fibers from auditory nerve - enters into cranial cavity facial nerve also passes through this
38
describe jugular foramen- posterior cf foramina
venous drainage of cranial cavity 3 cranial nerves pass here
39
describe hypoglossal canal - posterior cf foramina
hypoglossal nerve - fibers to tongue motor muscles in tongue
40
describe foramen magnum- posterior cf foramina
large spinal cord meninges Vertebral column - end of brainstem, superior aspect of spinal cord enters skull here blood vessels
41
name all foramina - middle cf
superior orbital fissure optical canal foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum foramen lacerum
42
describe superior orbital fissure - mid cf foramina
motor nerves of eye movement, ophthalmic nerve bunch of nerves and neurovascular structures - movement of eye
43
describe optic canal - mid cf foramina
optic nerve - detects light behind small portion of lesser wing of spenoid
44
describe foramen rotundum - mid cf foramina
round Maxillary nerve
45
describe foramen ovale - mid cf foramina
oval mandibular nerve
46
describe foramen spinosum- mid cf foramina
thorny middle meningeal artery/vein blood to brain and spinal cord middle meningeal artery passes = blood to coverings of brain
47
describe foramen lacerum - mid cf foramina
torn floor of carotid canal for internal carotid artery sealed off with soft tissue - but not in model since ct degraded, forms floor of carotid canal = internal carotid passes into cranial cavity to supply brain with blood
48
describe mastoid process
Attachment of sternocleidomastoid
49
describe styloid process
site of attachment of muscles
50
describe stylomastoid foramen
between mastoid and styloid process facial nerve exits to reach muscles
51
name all 14 bones of viscerocranium
1 maxilla 2 maxilla 3 nasal 4 nasal 5 lacrimal 6 lacrimal 7 zygomatic 8 zygomatic 9 palatine 10 palatine 11 inferior nasal concha 12 inferior nasal concha 13 vomer 14 Mandible
52
describe maxilla - viscerocranium
TWO superior teeth upper jaw bony palate nose
53
describe nasal - viscerocranium
TWO nose bridge
54
describe lacrimal - viscerocranium
TWO medial orbital plate - tear ducts has hole = drains tears into nasal cavity
55
describe zygomatic - viscerocranium
TWO cheek bones lateral wall of orbit associated with neuro and viscero cranium
56
describe palatine - viscerocranium
TWO bony palate Posterior to maxilla
57
describe inferior nasal concha - viscerocranium
TWO nasal cavity
58
describe vomer - viscerocranium
nasal septum along with ethmoid and cartilaginous part
59
describe mandible - viscerocranium
lower jaw
60
describe zygomatic arch - viscerocranium
Temporal process of zygomatic bone (sends 2 processes back) to zygomatic process of temporal bone (send 2 processes forwards) to each other processes form zygomatic arch

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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