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ANAT 214 > Foregut and Liver > Flashcards

Foregut and Liver Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Describe foregut

A

Anterior part of alimentary canal
Oral cavity to 1/2 duodenum

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2
Q

Describe foregut blood supply

A

Related to celiac trunk = first unpaired branch abdominal aorta

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3
Q

Describe content of foregut generally

A

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum prox 1/2, liver, gallbladder, biliary system, pancreas, spleen

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4
Q

Is esophagus only in thoracic region

A

No
Thoracic, abdominal and cervical

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5
Q

Where is transition from foregut to midgut

A

Halfway through duodenum

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6
Q

Describe esophagus

A

Muscular tube
25cm long
Connects laryngopharynx to stomach (cricoid cartilage to diaphragm)

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7
Q

Name the 3 portions of esophagus

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

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8
Q

Describe cervical eso

A

From inf order cricoid cartilage (c6) to jugular notch

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9
Q

Describe thoracic eso

A

From jugular notch to diaphragm
Descends anterior to thoracic vertebrae
Passes anteriorly to thoracic aorta in posterior mediastinum
Passes through diaphragm = esophageal aperture, t10

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10
Q

Describe abdominal eso

A

From diaphragm to cardia portion of stomach
Shortest part eso

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11
Q

Describe passages of structures through diaphragm

A

Ivc = pass through central tendon = t8
Esophageal hiatus = t10
Abdominal aorta = t12

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12
Q

Describe how esophagus enters abd cavity

A

Through esophageal aperture of thoracic diaphragm
Leads to cardia portion of stomach

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13
Q

What does eso enter with (into abd cavity)

A

2 vagal trunks = anterior (left vagus), and posterior (right vagus)
Rotation due to embryology

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14
Q

What is lower esophageal sphincter

A

Muscle organization
Eso contracts, so do not vomit in mouth

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15
Q

Describe external sphincter - les

A

Right crus of diaphragm
Loops around eso and forms a sling =
When inspire, constricts eso, forms an anatomical sphincter = prevent reflux

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16
Q

Describe internal sphincter - les

A

Bundle of muscle at low end of eso, where it meets stomach
Circular fibers

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17
Q

What is stomach

A

J shaped
Dilated portion gi tract
Between abd eso and duodenum

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18
Q

Describe location of stomach

A

Intraperitoneal

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19
Q

Describe anatomy of stomach

A

Divided into 4 regions = cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part

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20
Q

Describe cardia - stomach

A

Surrounds opening of eso into stomach

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21
Q

Describe fundus of stomach

A

Superior dilation on left, above cardia

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22
Q

Describe body of stomach

A

Large expansion below fundus
Large curvature

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23
Q

Describe pyloric part of stomach

A

Outflow portion of stomach, leads to 1st portion of duodenum, composed of pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter
Constricted part
Pyloric sphincter = very strong circular fibers, gate (since stomach v active = needs to be closed at end)

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24
Q

Name the features of the stomach

A

Greater curvature and lesser curvature

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25
Describe greater curvature of stomach
Point of attachment of gastrosplenic ligament and greater omentum (floats down on top of organs )
26
Describe lesser curvature of stomach
Point of attachment for lesser omentum - covers liver, stomach, duo kinda
27
Describe hepatoduodenal ligament
Thicker portion from liver to duodenum For structures to porta hepatis (contains important structures like biliary tree)
28
Describe hepatogastric ligament
Thinner portion from liver to lesser curvature stomach
29
What is the stomach
Distension organ, can contain up to 3 litres Has rugae, Intra
30
Describe rugae
Longitudinal folds, allowing fastening - mucosa, for expansion - stretching and increase surface area contact
31
Describe stomach - Intra
Peritoneum on stomach of anterior and posterior stomach Unite to form greater omentum hanging from greater curvature
32
What makes up lesser omentum
Hepatoduodenal ligament Hepatogastric ligament
33
Describe arterial supply stomach
From celiac trunk
34
Describe arteries found near lesser curvature of stomach
Left gastric artery = from celiac trunk Right gastric artery = from hepatic proper artery ANASTOMOSE with each other
35
Describe arteries found near greater curvature of stomach
Right gastro omental = from gastroduodenal artery Left gastro omental = from splenic artery ANASTOMose with each other
36
Describe arteries found near fundus of stomach
Short gastric arteries for fundus
37
Describe venous drainage stomach
Same system as arterial Drains into portal venous system - gi blood to liver first = filters
38
Describe innervation stomach
Visceral innervation from Celiac nerves plexus Sympathetic: vasoconstriction & inhibition of peristalsis Parasympathetic: stimulate gastric secretion & peristalsis
39
What is small intestine
Longest part gi tract 6-7m long Divided into duodenum (fore to midgut), jejunum and ileum
40
Describe function of si
Primary site digestion and absorption Extends from pyloric orifice to ileocecal fold
41
Describe duodenum
C shaped tube 20-25cm long
42
Describe location of si
Around head of pancreas Retroperitoneal= except 1st portion
43
Describe anatomy of si duo - Gen
4 parts of duo = 2 in foregut, 2 in midgut D1,D2,D,3,D4
44
Describe D1 duo
Superior part Is connected with hepatoduodenal ligament = part of lesser omentum INTRA
45
Describe D2 duo
Descending part Site of junction of foregut and midgut Retro Contains 2 papillae
46
Describe D3 duo
Inferior part Superior mesenteric vessels pass over it
47
Describe D4 duo
Ascending part Ends in duodenal jejunal flexure
48
What is minor duodenal papilla for
Entrance of accessory pancreatic duct
49
What is major duodenal papilla for
Entrance of bile and pancreatic ducts (hepatopancreatic duct)
50
Describe arterial supply of first 2 parts duo
Branches from gastroduodenal artery= superior pancreaticoduodenal artery = anterior and posterior
51
Describe arterial supply of last 2 parts duo
Branches from superior mesenteric artery = inferior pancreaticoduodenal = anterior and posterior
52
Describe venous drainage duo
Same as arterial Drains into portal system
53
Describe innervation duo
Visceral innervation from Celiac nerves plexus Sympathetic: vasoconstriction & inhibition of peristalsis Parasympathetic: stimulate gastric secretion & peristalsis
54
What is function of pancreas
Lobulated gland Vital organ Exocrine = digestive enzymes Endocrine = hormones, like insulin and glucagon
55
What is location of pancreas
Posterior to stomach From duo to spleen on left Retroperitoneal = head, neck, and body, EXCEPT TAIL
56
Describe anatomy of pancreas - parts
Head, uncinate process, neck, body and tail
57
Describe head of pancreas
Lies within c shaped duo
58
Describe uncinate process of pancreas
Projection of head Posterior to superior mesenteric vessels
59
Describe neck of pancreas
Anterior and superior to superior mesenteric vessels
60
Describe body of pancreas
Elongated part from neck to tail
61
Describe tail of pancreas
Into splenorenal ligament Intra = needs to be mobile
62
Describe duct system pancreas
Exocrine Consists of main pancreatic duct - wirsung And accessory duct = santorini
63
Describe main pancreatic duct
Traverse its length Join common bile duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla (bulge, biliary tree and main due to major pap) Drain into duodenum at major duodenal papilla
64
Describe accessory duct of pancreas
Drain through minor duodenal papilla Connected to main pancreatic duct too
65
Describe arterial supply of pancreas
Divided into 2 sections Several regions with many alternate paths
66
What supplies uncinate process, head and neck of pancreas
From gastroduodenal = ant and post superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (celiac trunk) From superior mesentery = ant and post inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
67
Describe what supplies neck, body and tail of pancreas
Pancreatic branches from splenic a
68
Describe function of liver
1500grams 2nd largest organ of whole body Filtrates nutrients and detoxifies substances from GI Produces bile and stores vitamins and minerals
69
Describe location of liver
Intraperitoneal Suspended under diaphragm Surrounds ivc (also drains into it)
70
Describe impressions of liver
From surrounding organs Renal - right kidney Gastric - stomach on left lobe Colic - hepatic flexure of colon on right (Esophageal, gastric, renal, colic)
71
Describe visceral surface and diaphragmatic surface of liver
Diaphragmatic surface = superior moulded to diaphragm Visceral surface = inferior moulded to abdominal viscera
72
Describe suspensory system liver
Liver covered by peritoneum Intra Needs to suspended - heavy organ
73
What is bare area
No peritoneum covering = direct contact with diaphragm here- creates vacuum, helps suspend and stick liver to diaphragm
74
Describe suspension of liver = superiorly
Peritoneum reflects into coronary ligaments = ant coronary and post coronary Join to form triangular ligaments - where they meet on each side = right triangular and left triangular
75
Describe suspension of liver = anteriorly
Attached to abd wall = falciform ligament, extends into ligament teres (end, hangs down)
76
Describe suspension of liver = posteriorly
Lesser omentum (heaptoduodenal ligament) - encloses portal triad
77
Describe anatomy of liver
Divided into 4 lobes = right, left, caudate, quadrate Caudate and quadrate from right lobe
78
Describe right and left lobes of liver
Divided by left Sagittarius fissure = featuring ligamentum teres anteriorly and ligamentum venosum posteriorly Right = larger
79
Describe quadrate lobe of liver
Anterior on visceral surface Between ligamentum teres and fossa of gallbladder Separated from caudate by hilum
80
Describe caudate lobe liver
Posterior on visceral surface Between ligamentum venosum and ivc
81
Describe location of porta hepatis
Visceral surface between caudate and quadrate
82
Describe content of porta hepatis
Right - left hepatic ducts (biliary system) Hepatic arteries (blood supply) Portal vein (venous drainage)
83
What is porta hepatis contained in
Hepatoduodenal ligament = part of lesser omentum
84
What is portal triad
Bile duct, portal vein, hepatic proper artery
85
Describe arterial supply liver
Celiac trunk gives = Left gastric a Splenic a Common hepatic a —> proper hepatic a —> right and left hepatic a
86
Describe venous drainage liver
Hepatic veins draining into ivc
87
What is extrahepatic biliary system
Duct system for bile secreted by liver Connects with gallbladder and empties into 2nd portion duo
88
Describe whole of extrahepatic biliary system
Right and left hepatic duct, combines into 1 common hepatic duct (in hepatoduodenal ligament) Joins cystic duct (from gallbladder) = forms bile duct Empties with main pancreatic duct through major duodenal papilla
89
Describe gallbladder
Pear shaped sac lying on visceral surface between quadrate and right lobes
90
Describe gall bladder function
Store bile from liver and concentrate it to release it through extrahepatic biliary duct system
91
Describe gallbladder anatomy
Neck = continuity with cystic duct, constricted Body = enlargement projected over first part duo Fundus = protruded from inferior border liver
92
Describe blood supply to gallbladder
Cystic a from right hepatic a
93
What is spleen
Lymphoid gland that filters blood Part of vascular system
94
Describe location spleen
Left hypochondriac recon - behind stomach Inferior to left dome of diaphragm Posterior to stomach Anterior to ribs 9-10-11
95
Describe anatomy spleen
Notched on ant border Helium on medial surface (entry of vessels) Visceral impression = renal, gastric, colic
96
Is spleen Intra or retro
Intra Connected to greater curvature stomach by gastrosplenic ligament Connected to left kidney by splenorenal ligament (contains splenic vessels)
97
Describe arterial supply spleen
Splenic artery from celiac trunk

ANAT 214 (34 decks)

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