Lab 6: Thoracic Wall and Lungs

Question 1

name and describe the borders of the thoracic cage

Answer 1

anterior = sternum
posterior = thoracic vertebrae
lateral = ribs

Question 1

name and describe apertures of thorax - brief

Answer 1

superior thoracic aperture (inlet) - head and neck to thorax
inferior thoracic aperture (outlet)- thorax to abdomen (closed off by diaphragm)

Question 2

name parts of sternum

Answer 2

manubrium
manubriosternal junction
body of sternum
xiphisternal junction
xiphoid process

Question 3

describe manubrium of sternum

Answer 3

suprasternal/jugular notch
at level of t2 posteriorly

Question 4

describe manubriosternal junction of sternum

Answer 4

sternal angle
at level of t4/t5 posteriorly (corresponds to rib 2)

Question 5

describe body of sternum

Answer 5

long part

Question 6

describe xiphisternal junction of sternum

Answer 6

at level of t9 posteriorly

Question 7

where is costal facet

Answer 7

on transverse process

Question 8

describe costal facet on transverse process

Answer 8

articulates with tubercle of rib

Question 9

where are vertebral demi facets

Answer 9

• on vertebral bodies

Question 10

describe vertebral demi facets on vertebral bodies

Answer 10

2
Articulates with head of rib

Question 11

name and describe levels of types of ribs

Answer 11

true ribs = 1-7
false ribs = 8-10
floating ribs = 11-12

Question 12

describe true ribs

Answer 12

attaches to sternum via costal cartilage

Question 13

describe false ribs

Answer 13

attaches to sternum via costal margin

Question 14

describe floating ribs

Answer 14

does not attach to sternum
no tubercle or costotransverse joint

Question 15

describe features of typical ribs = head

Answer 15

bumpy, flat part of head

Question 16

describe features of typical ribs = neck

Answer 16

between head and tubercle

Question 17

describe features of typical ribs = tubercle

Answer 17

bump
articular and non articular surfaces

Question 18

describe features of typical ribs = angle

Answer 18

Curve

Question 19

describe features of typical ribs = costal groove

Answer 19

always inferior - at bottom
neurovasculature here
nerve for each rib inside costal groove

Question 20

describe features of typical ribs = costal cartilage

Answer 20

attach rib to sternum

Question 21

describe vertebrae

Answer 21

body
transverse processes
spinous process
superior articular processes
inferior articular processes

Question 22

describe joints - ribs to sternum

Answer 22

costochondral joint = ribs to costal cartilage, ribs 8-10
sternocostal joint = costal cartilage to sternum

Question 23

describe atypical ribs - features

Answer 23

ribs 1 and 10-12 = lack costovertebral articulations with superior vertebrae (only articulates with superior demi facet of same # rib)

Question 24

describe sternocostal joints

Answer 24

1st rib = synchondrosis (no movement) 2-7 = synovial plane/gliding (some movement)

Question 25

describe costochondral joints

Answer 25

between sternal end of rib and costal cartilage no movement costal margin

Question 26

describe costovertebral joints

Answer 26

2 between head of rib and vertebral demi facets of thoracic vertebrae articulates with superior demi facet of same numbered rib and inferior demi facet of above

Question 27

describe costotransverse joints

Answer 27

between tubercle of rib and costal facet of transverse process of thoracic vertebrae with same number

Question 28

describe interchondral joints

Answer 28

between costal cartilages makes up costal margin some movement unique type of synovial joint ribs 7-10

Question 29

which muscles used during resting respiration

Answer 29

diaphragm

Question 30

name layers of intercostal muscles

Answer 30

3 layers = external, internal and innermost

Question 31

describe external intercostal muscles

Answer 31

outside elevate ribs and sternum during forced inspiration ant to inf, posterior tubercle to costal cartilage

Question 32

describe internal intercostal muscles

Answer 32

sternum (ant) --> backwards to costal angle, depress ribs and sternum during forceful expiration

Question 33

describe innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 33

inside = same fiber orientation ad internal and same function

Question 34

describe transversus thoracis muscles

Answer 34

xiphoid process and body to costalc artilage 2-6 depress ribs and sternum during forceful expiration

Question 35

describe vasculature of thoracic wall

Answer 35

aorta to subclavian --> internal thoracic arteries and veins musculophrenic a/v= blood to anterior diaphragm internal thoracic arteries --> anterior or posterior (from thoracic aorta) front and back (ant and post) meet at each level = anastomoses

Question 36

describe innervation of thoracic wall

Answer 36

spinal nerves = t1-12 split, sensory, motor somatic only anterior rami t1-11 = intercostal t1= subcostal cutaneous branches = sensory to skin

Question 37

VAN

Answer 37

vein artery nerve between internal and innermost intercostal muscles ant and post intercostal nerve in costal groove = split

Question 38

describe pleurae of lungs

Answer 38

double membrane serous fluid fluid, neg pressure - inflate, so vol increases and pressure decreases so air goes inside

Question 39

describe parietal pleura

Answer 39

line thoracic cavity sensory innervation from intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve

Question 40

describe visceral pleura

Answer 40

lines lung innervated by ans, sympathetic chain (t2-6), parasympathetic - vagus nerve together forms anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses

Question 41

name important features of lungs - gen

Answer 41

apex and base of lungs hilum

Question 42

name important features of lungs - right lung

Answer 42

superior, middle and inferior lobes horizontal and oblique fissures impressions = sup vena cava, azygous vein, esophagus

Question 43

name important features of lungs - left lung

Answer 43

superior, inferior lobes Oblique fissure impressions = cardiac (notch), aortic arch, descending aorta, esophagus lingula

Question 44

describe features of right lung

Answer 44

diaphragm - liver impression apex, base

Question 45

describe features of left lung

Answer 45

apex, base Diaphragm - stomach impression cardiac impression and lingula = not on right side

Question 46

what do pulmonary artery and vein carry

Answer 46

pulmonary artery = deoxy blood pulmonary vein = oxygenated blood

Question 47

what is primary bronchus

Answer 47

airway entering into lungs

Question 48

describe lymph nodes - lung hilum

Answer 48

hilar (bronchopulmonary) lymph nodes = located in hilum of lungs often visible as black pea shaped nodules responsible for draining pulmonary nodes found within the deep tissues of the lung

Question 49

what keeps diaphragm alive

Answer 49

c3,4,5

Question 50

name features of trachea - descending

Answer 50

trachea with c shaped cartilage primary bronchi carina (trachea bifurc) secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi