ADHD Flashcards
(24 cards)
This means that ADHD is associated with differences in brain
development and function. These differences are typically present from early childhood.
Neurodevelopmental Disorder
The symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity are not just
occasional occurrences; they are ongoing and evident over time.
Persistent Pattern
This involves difficulties with focus, sustaining attention, staying organized,
following instructions, and being easily distracted. It’s not just about not paying attention; it’s
about a reduced ability to regulate and maintain focus.
Inattention
This involves excessive motor activity, difficulty staying still, and
acting without thinking.
Hyperactivity-Impulsivity
The symptoms must be significant enough to negatively impact the individual’s life in various settings, such as school, work, home, and
social situations. They are more than just typical childhood behaviors; they cause real
challenges in daily life.
Interfere with Functioning or Development
It is a common neurobehavioral disorder of adulthood, affecting
___% of school-age children, and often persists into adulthood
11%
: Estimates suggest that the worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents is around ___
3-7%
ADHD is diagnosed more frequently in males than females in childhood, with ratios ranging from ___
2:1 to 3:1
etiology
- lead exposure
- prenatal factors
- seizures, head injury
- genetics
- environmental
- not overly active, symptoms may not be noticed, most common form among girls with ADHD
predominantly inattentive presentation
- account for 10% of children with ADHD
- hyperactive & impulsive behaviors; however they can pay attention.
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
- most common type of ADHD (50-60%)
- all symptoms are present among these children
- Onset is no later than age 12yrs
- Symptoms must be present in 2 or more situations, such as school, work or home
combined presentation
pathophysiology
- neurotransmitter dysregulation - deficit in catecholamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine (lowers stimuli input)
- structural and functional brain differences
- genetic influences
clinical manifestations
- impulsive
- easily distracted
- fidgeting
- cant follow instructions
- inattentive
- frequent losing of things
- moving on to diff activities
- difficulty taking turns
- excessive talking
- engaging in dangerous acts
Although these children may have poor success in the classroom because of their inability to
pay attention, they are not ___
intellectually impaired
The child’s ___ can suffer from feeling inferior to the other children in the class
self-confidence
Diagnosis can be made after the child is 3 years old but often is not
made until the child reaches ___
school age
drugs for ADHD that Improves attention span, focus, and impulse control.
- methylphenidate (ritalin, concerta)
- dextroamphetamine (dexedrine)
- pemoline (cylert)
___ are given to people with ADHD because they help correct neurochemical imbalances in the brain, particularly involving dopamine and norepinephrine—two key neurotransmitters that regulate attention, motivation, and impulse control.
stimulants
For decades, speculation and folklore have suggested that foods containing ___ or food coloring or foods high in ___ may exacerbate ADHD
preservatives
simple sugars
Prevention can focus on discouraging regular ___ for young
children from 1-3 years and encouraging daily ___ for all children
screen exposure
vigorous physical activity
stimulant or non-stimulants
adderall
ritalin
vyanese
stimulant
stimulant or non-stimulants
strattera
qelbree
kapvay
intuniv
non-stimulant
stimulant or non-stimulants
methylin
evekeo
zenzedi
concerta
stimulant
