CLEFT LIP / PALATE, COLIC, DIARRHEA

Question 1

• lies in the roof of the oral cavity
• plays an important roles in swallowing, breathing,
  and speech.

Answer 1

palate

Question 2

– separated the oral
cavity from the nasal cavity.
- responsible for assisting in speech and swallow

Answer 2

hard palate

Question 3

– assists with
speech and closes off the nasal passages when
swallowing food.
- also known as the velum

Answer 3

soft palate

Question 4

are birth defects that
occur when a baby’s lip or
mouth do not form
properly during
pregnancy

Answer 4

cleft lip / palate

Question 5

cleft lip and palate, together, are commonly called

Answer 5

orofacial clefts

Question 6

*more prevalent among boys than
girls
* occurs at a rate of approximately 1 in every 700 live births
*incidence is highest in the Asian
population

Answer 6

cleft lip

Question 7

other name for cleft lip

Answer 7

cheiloschisis

Question 8

*more common in boys than girls
* occurs in approximately 1 of every
2000 births

Answer 8

cleft palate

Question 9

other name for cleft palate

Answer 9

palatoschisis

Question 10

The defect ranging from small notch in the upper lip to a total separation of
the lip and facial structure up into the floor of the nose

Answer 10

cleft lip

Question 11

cleft lip:

___ and ___ may be absent
___ is generally flattened
deviation may be ___ or ____

Answer 11

upper teeth and gingiva
nose
unilateral or bilateral

Question 12

An opening usually on
the midline and may
involve just the anterior
hard palate, posterior
soft palate, or both.

Answer 12

cleft palate

Question 13

true or false - the cleft palate maybe a separate
anomaly, but as a rule it
occurs in conjunction
with a cleft lip

Answer 13

true

Question 14

etiology of cleft lip / palate

Answer 14

• genetic
• environmental
• viral infection
• folic acid deficiency

Question 15

Cleft lip may be detected by a ___
while an infant is in utero.

Answer 15

sonogram

Question 16

how to inspect orofacial defects at birth

Answer 16

using tongue depressor

Question 17

infant with a cleft palate is at risk for:

Answer 17

aspiration
feeding difficulties
respiratory infections

Question 18

rule of 10 for cheiloplasty

Answer 18

atleast:

10 weeks old
10 lbs
10 gm hemoglobin

Question 19

malek protocol for palate repair

Answer 19

soft palate - 3 mos
hard palate - 6 mos

Question 20

specialized bottle for babies with cleft lip / palate

Answer 20

large holed / cross-cut nipple

Question 21

true or false: you can feed babies with orofacial defects lying down

Answer 21

false - always sitting or semi-sitting position

Question 22

for a baby with cleft defects, give ___ after each feeding

Answer 22

water

Question 23

what is contraindicated for post-op babies after cleft surgery

Answer 23

• crying
• suction
• straw
• spoon
• toothbrush

Question 24

feedings after cheiloplasty are resumed around ___ days post op

Answer 24

3-4 days

Question 25

in feeding a baby post-cheiloplasty, use a ___ that is placed to the ___ of the mouth

Answer 25

rubber tipped dropper SIDE

Question 26

Infants pull their legs up against their abdomen, their faces becomes red and flushed, their fists clenched, and abdomens become ten

Answer 26

colic

Question 27

colic: ___ ___ ___ that generally occurs in infants under 3 months of age and is marked by loud intense crying

Answer 27

paroxysmal abdominal pain

Question 28

colic comes from the greek word ___ suggesting that some disturbance is occurring in the GI tract

Answer 28

kolikos or kolon

Question 29

causes of colic

Answer 29

- unknown - over feeding - swallowing too much air

Question 30

colic: Symptoms of abdominal pain typically lasts up to ___ hours a day and can occur at least ___ days/week

Answer 30

3; 3

Question 31

true or false - a baby with colic has no bowel movement

Answer 31

false

Question 32

colic baby diet

Answer 32

SFF to prevent distention and discomfort

Question 33

colic: offering a ___ can be comforting

Answer 33

pacifier

Question 34

true or false - warm heating pads are not recommended for babies with colic

Answer 34

true

Question 35

* Increased frequency of bowel movement more than 3x/day * Increased amount of stool ( more than 200 gm/day) * Altered consistency (looseness) of stool

Answer 35

diarrhea

Question 36

type of diarrhea: usually associated with infection and usually self limiting

Answer 36

acute diarrhea

Question 37

type of diarrhea: persist for a longer period and may return sporadically, scattered interrupted and seemingly random intervals

Answer 37

chronic diarrhea

Question 38

possible causes of diarrhea

Answer 38

- medication - formulas - metabolic / endocrine disorder - viral / bacterial infection - nutritional disorder - anal sphincter defect

Question 39

normal vs diarrheal stool color

Answer 39

normal - yellow diarrheal - green

Question 40

normal vs diarrheal stool ph

Answer 40

normal > 7 (alkaline) diarrheal < 7 (acidic)

Question 41

normal vs diarrheal stool odor

Answer 41

normal - odorless diarrheal - sweet / foul

Question 42

normal vs diarrheal stool reducing subs

Answer 42

normal - negative diarrheal - positive

Question 43

* Children are anorectic, irritable, appear unwell * Fever of 38.4’C – 39’C * 2 – 10 loose watery bowel movements/day

Answer 43

mild diarrhea

Question 44

▪ Progressive mild diarrhea ▪ Child is apprehensive, listless, lethargic ▪ Temperature from 39.5’C & above

Answer 44

severe diarrhea

Question 45

* Dry mucous membrane * Skin feels warm * Skin turgor not yet decreased

Answer 45

mild diarrhea

Question 46

▪ Rapid PR/RR ▪ Skin is pale and cool ▪ Obvious s/sx of dehydration

Answer 46

severe diarrhea

Question 47

cbc results diarrhea

Answer 47

elevated HCT, HGB, and serum protein (bc of DHN)

Question 48

diarrhea: serum electrolytes will indicate a ___

Answer 48

metabolic acidosis

Question 49

mgmt mild diarrhea

Answer 49

- pedialyte - continue BF - probiotics - TSB / paracetamol - lactose free formula

Question 50

mgmt severe diarrhea

Answer 50

- regulate F&E - IV fast drip 1-2 hrs - stool culture - increased oral fluids - potassium additive