IMPERFORATE ANUS

Question 1

a congenital defect in which
the opening to the anus is
missing or blocked

Answer 1

imperforate anus

Question 2

imperforate anus is also called

Answer 2

anorectal malformation
anal atresia

Question 3

a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus

Answer 3

perineal fistula

Question 4

an abnormal connection between the rectum and the urethra, specifically in the bulbar portion of the urethra, which is the lower part of the posterior urethra

Answer 4

Rectourethral bulbar fistula

Question 5

an abnormal connection between the rectum and the prostatic urethra

Answer 5

Rectourethral prostatic fistula

Question 6

a rare congenital anorectal malformation (ARM) primarily seen in male patients. It’s characterized by an abnormal connection between the rectum and the bladder neck, often leading to urine and feces mixing and exiting through the urethra

Answer 6

Rectovesicular (bladder neck) fistula

Question 7

a specific type of anorectal malformation where the anal opening is absent or missing, and there is no connection or fistula between the rectum and the perineum, urinary tract, or other adjacent structures

Answer 7

Imperforate anus without fistula

Question 8

rare anorectal malformations characterized by a blockage or narrowing of the rectum, often associated with a normal anal opening

Answer 8

Rectal atresia and stenosis

Question 9

a congenital condition in females where there’s an abnormal connection between the rectum and the vaginal vestibule

Answer 9

Vestibular fistula

Question 10

is a common chamber into which some or all of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts discharge their contents

Answer 10

Cloaca

Question 11

anorectal malformations found in female

Answer 11

Perineal fistula
Vestibular fistula
Imperforate anus without fistula
Rectal atresia and stenosis
Cloaca

Question 12

symptoms

Answer 12

abd distention
vomiting
no meconium
meconium in urine

Question 13

physical assessment

Answer 13

absent anal opening
flat perineum
absence of midline intergluteal groove
prominent anal dimple

Question 14

a diagnostic imaging procedure used to evaluate anorectal malformations, particularly in newborns and infants with imperforate anus. It involves injecting contrast material into the distal colon, which is then augmented with pressure to help visualize the rectum and any associated fistulas

Answer 14

Augmented-pressure distal colostography

Question 15

an X-ray imaging procedure that examines the bladder and urethra while you urinate, allowing doctors to assess their function and identify any abnormalities

Answer 15

voiding / micturating cystourethrography

Question 16

treatment

Answer 16

• npo
• iv hydration
• antibiotics
• evaluate murmurs with eeg

Question 17

a surgical procedure that reconstructs or repairs the anus to restore its normal function and anatomy

Answer 17

anoplasty

Question 18

surgeries for imperforate anus

Answer 18

anoplasty
colostomy
pull-through without colostomy
pull-through with colostomy
anorectoplasty

Question 19

diet

Answer 19

• avoid constipating food (BRAT)
• high fiber, laxative foods

Question 20

urinary antibiotic prophylaxis or
treatment

Answer 20

amoxicillin
trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole
gentamicin

Question 21

examples of laxatives

Answer 21

senna
milk of magnesia
propylene glycol (ex: miralax)

Question 22

how to identify if newborn has rectal defects

Answer 22

did not pass stool within 24 hours after birth

Question 23

___ are started soon after
surgical repair, and ___ is encouraged because it causes less constipation

Answer 23

feedings, breastfeeding