LEAD POISONING Flashcards
(15 cards)
sources of lead
*Non-intact lead-based paint in an older home
*Lead-contaminated bare soil in the yard
risk factors
- use of pottery or dishes
containing lead - use of cosmetics
- living in poverty
- being younger than 6
years old - dwelling in urban areas
- living in older rental
homes where lead
decontamination may
not be a priority
causes of lead poisoning
- ingestion of chips of lead-based paint
- inhalation
- exposed by pregnant women - placental transfer
clinical manifestations
*Anorexia
*Abdominal pain
*Anemia
sx If with mild and moderate lead poisoning:
Cognitive and behavioral problems: aggression,
hyperactivity, impulsivity, delinquency, disinterest and
withdrawal
long term neuro-cognitive signs of lead poisoning
developmental delays
low IQ
reading deficits
visual-spatial probs
visual-motor probs
learning disabilities
A diagnosis of lead poisoning is based only on the lead testing of a ___ from a ___
venous blood specimen
venipuncture
Acceptable BLL of lead is
10mcg/dl
Universal screening must be done at ___ years old
1 and 2
a medical procedure that uses chelating agents to bind to and remove heavy metals from the body, primarily for treating heavy metal poisoning
chelation therapy
chelating agents
- Calcium disodium edentate (calcium EDTA)
*British Antilewisite (BAL)
*Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
(DMSA, Succimer, Chemet)
- Can be used for lead levels of 45 to 69 mcg/dl and
an absence of symptoms - capsule is opened and sprinkled on a small amount
of food or may be swallowed whole - can be used in conjunction with iron
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
*should be given intravenously or
intramuscularly (in different site from BAL)
*intravenous route should not be used in
children with cerebral edema
*local anesthetic procaine is injected with the
drug
Calcium EDTA
Because the chelates are excreted via the kidneys, ___ is essential.
adequate hydration
As of 30 September 2018, only ___% of countries have confirmed that they have legally binding controls on the production, import, sale and use of lead paints
36%
