FEMALE INFERTILITY

Question 1

• absence of ovulation

Answer 1

anovulation

Question 2

• hypogonadism
• no ovaries to produce ova

Answer 2

turner’s syndrome

Question 3

• disrupts the hormonal balance crucial for ovulation and menstruation
• these specific hormones play a vital role in the release of eggs from the ovaries, and low levels can impair this process, leading to anovulation

Answer 3

hypothyroidism

Question 4

symptoms of PCOS

Answer 4

• waist 35 in
• fasting blood glucose > 100mg/dl
• serum triglycerides > 150 mg/dl
• BP >135/85 mmHg
• HDL <50 mg/dl

Question 5

• infection of the pelvic organ
• uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, supporting structures

Answer 5

pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 6

rare causes of infertility:

Answer 6

tumors, congenitally deformed uterine cavity

Question 7

• poor secretion of estrogen or progesterone from the ovary
• uterus tissue grows outside of the uterus

Answer 7

endometriosis

Question 8

infertility factors - anovulation

Answer 8

• genetic abn
• hormonal imbalance
• ovarian tumors
• stress
• decreased wt
• pcos
• exposure to xrays
• general ill health
• poor diet

Question 9

infetility factors - cervical problems

Answer 9

• thick cervical mucus
• stenoic cervical os or obstruction of the os by a polyp
• cervical conization

Question 10

infertility factors - vaginal problems

Answer 10

• infection of the vagina
• sperm-immobilizing or sperm-agglutinating antibodies

Question 11

no known cause for subfertility

Answer 11

unexplained subfertility

Question 12

if a woman is younger than 35, have an evaluation after ___ year of subfertility

Answer 12

1 year

Question 13

if a woman is older then 35 years, have an evaluatoin after ___ mos of subfertility

Answer 13

6 mos

Question 14

recording of basal temp

Answer 14

basal body temperature recording

Question 15

at time of ___, basal temp can be seen to dip slightly (about 0.5 F)

Answer 15

ovulation

Question 16

the basal body temp should rise to a level not higher then normal body temp, and remains there for ___ days before next flow

Answer 16

3-4 days

Question 17

• detects the LH surge, allowing you to accurately predict when you will ovulate

Answer 17

ovulation determination by test strip

Question 18

a ___ result on an ovulation test mean that the woman will most likely bcome fertile over the next 3 days

Answer 18

positive

Question 19

the ovulation test strip is to determine whether she has adequate ___ to stimulate egg growth

Answer 19

FSH

Question 20

woman’s rsult is available in ___ mins, the man in ___ minutes

Answer 20

30; 90

Question 21

true or false - it is ok to use the test strip in the middle of your mestrual cycle

Answer 21

false

Question 22

• inspect uterus for abnormalities (septal deviation, myoma)
• done at any time during the cycle

Answer 22

sonohysterography

Question 23

• schedule immediately after a menstrual flow
• containdicated if there is infection of vagina, cervix, or uterus

Answer 23

hysterosalpingography

Question 24

• used to reveal an endometrial problem such as luteal phase defect
• done for 2-3 days before the expected flow

Answer 24

uterine endometrial biopsy

Question 25

evaluate uterine adhesions or other abnormalities that were discovered on hysterosalpingogram

Answer 25

hysteroscopy

Question 26

- scheduled during the follicular phase - to examine the position and status of fallopain tubes and ovaries

Answer 26

laparoscopy

Question 27

- infections that tends to recur - requires close supervision and follow up

Answer 27

trichomoniasis and moniliasis

Question 28

given to stimulate the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which in turn regulate the ovaries and the production of sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone

Answer 28

GnRH

Question 29

used to induce ovulation (egg production) in women who do not produce ova (eggs) but wish to become pregnant (infertility)

Answer 29

clomiphene citrate (clomid)

Question 30

- a fertility drug used to treat fertility issues in women, especially women who are anovular and oligoovular. - is considered a menotropin, which is a mixture of follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 30

pergonal

Question 31

is used to treat symptoms of hyperprolactinemia (high levels of a natural substance called prolactin in the body) including lack of menstrual periods, discharge from the nipples, infertility (difficulty becoming pregnant) and hypogonadism

Answer 31

parlodel

Question 32

- used in hormone therapy to increase mucus production during days 5-10 of the cycle

Answer 32

conjugated estrogen - premarin progesterone - endometrin

Question 33

if with luteral phase defect, hormone therapy is begun on the ___ day of the temp rise and continued for ___ weeks or until there is flow

Answer 33

3rd day 6 weeks

Question 34

a therapeutic technique that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves or sound waves to generate deep heat within tissues

Answer 34

diathermy

Question 35

sperm is instilled into the cervix

Answer 35

intracervical insemination

Question 36

sperm is directly instilled into the uterus

Answer 36

intrauterine insemination

Question 37

a fertility treatment where eggs are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and fertilized with sperm in a lab, and then the fertilized eggs (embryos) are transferred to the uterus to establish a pregnancy

Answer 37

in vitro fetrilization

Question 38

indications of IVF

Answer 38

- blocked or damaged fallopian tubes - man has oligospermia - absence of mucus - antisperm anitbodies - unexplained subfertility

Question 39

sperm and eggs are placed in a fallopian tube to allow fertilization in the natural site. the women must have at least one normal, open fallopain tube

Answer 39

gamete intrafallopian transfer

Question 40

- eggs and sperm are collected - the collected sperm is combied with eggs - embyros are inserted directly into the fallopain tubes

Answer 40

zygote intrafallopian transfer

Question 41

- involves the use of an oocyte that has been donated by a friend or relative or provided by an anonymous donor - cycles of the donor and recipeint are synchronized by administration of gonadotropic hormones

Answer 41

surrogate embyro transfer

Question 42

after the oocytes are fertilized in IVF and ZIFT, the DNA of borth sperm and oocytes can be examines for specific genetic abn such as down syndrome or hemophilia

Answer 42

preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 43

- a woman who agrees to carry a pregnancy to term for a subfertile couple - often friends or family members who assume the role out of friendship or compassion

Answer 43

surrogate mother

Question 44

alternatives to childbirth

Answer 44

- adoption - child-free living