Age Of Exploration And Conquest⛵️🇵🇹🇪🇸🔺👨🏿 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Why was travelling by sea difficult?
- Ships couldn’t navigate accurately
- Many sailors were afraid of the unknown. They believed the Earth was flat and they’d sail off the edge if they went too far.
Reasons for European Exploration :
When did Europeans begin to explore the wider world?
What were the six reasons why Europeans began to explore the world?
Mid - 1400s
1. Influence of the Renaissance
2. Stories of Marco Polo
3. New trade routes
4. Fall of Constantinople
5. Desire for empire
6. To spread Christianity
Reasons for European Exploration : 1. Influence of the Renaissance
- People were questioning their existing beliefs
- The rediscovery of Geographia by a Roman writer changed how people understood the world
Reasons for European Exploration : 2. Stories of Marco Polo
- Marco Polo travelled to china and wrote about the great wealth and incredible things he’d seen
- His book made people want to see these wonders for themselves
Reasons for European Exploration : 3. New trade routes
- Silks and spices from the east were very profitable so explorers and traders could grow very rich if they could find ways to get more goods to Europe more quickly
Reasons for European Exploration : 4. Fall of Constantinople
- the great Silk Road was the main overland route for spices and other goods from the east to reach Europe
- it was cut off when Constantinople was conquered
- new routes between Europe and Asia were needed
Reasons for European Exploration : Desire for empire
- European leaders sponsored voyages of exploration so that they could expand their territory to any newly discovered lands
Reasons for European Exploration : Spreading Christianity
- the pope encouraged Christian rulers to defeat Muslims
- Christian explorers aimed to convert the people of any new land to Christianity
Technological change - Advances in Navigation : New maps
What name was given to people who drew maps?
What did the Portuguese develop?
Cartographers
Portolan charts - ,append harbours, coastlines, currents and depths
Technological change - Advances in Navigation : New equipment
What helped determine a ships latitude?
What could be used to identify north?
What measured a ships speed?
What measured the depth of the water?
Quadrant or astrolabe
Compass
Log and line
Line and lead weight
Technological change - Advances in Navigation : New ships
The fifteenth century saw a new design of ship a?
Combined the best of the Atlantic and Mediterranean ships.
Caravel
Caravel
Large and sturdy enough to make long voyages and able to sail in all winds
Technological change - Advances in Navigation : New ships
Give four features of a caravel
- triangular sails
- carvel-built hulls
- rudders: made it easier to steer
- brightly painted
Technological change - Advances in Navigation : Life on board ship
- Captain had his own cabin
- Sailors slept on the deck
- Mutiny ( sailors rebelling against their captain ) wasn’t unusual
- execution was common
- foods that had to last long voyages tended to be very dry and salty
- when they ran out of meat and veg they’d eat ship’s biscuit
- I’ll health was common: typhoid and scurvy
Voyages of Exploration : Early Portuguese voyages of exploration
Where and when did the first major voyages of discovery set out from?
What did its king want?
Portugal in the 1400s
New trade routes that could make Portugal rich enough to protect itself from its more powerful neighbours like spain
Voyages of Exploration : Early Portuguese voyages of exploration
Da Gama had proven what?
The results of this were?
It was possible to successfully sail around Africa and reach India and china
-trade made Portugal wealthy
-Portugal established a large empire in Africa and Asia
-Portugal gained control of spice trade
-imports of spices into Europe increased
-other European rulers wanted to copy portugals success by engaging in voyages of their own
Voyages of Exploration : Discovery of the ‘New World’
As Portugal controlled the trade routes around Africa what did Spain have to do?
Look west to the Atlantic Ocean to discover and conquer new lands
Who was the most famous explorer of the Atlantic?
Christopher Columbus who reached the americas
Christopher Columbus
- Born in Italy
- convinced that quickest way to china was by sailing west across the Atlantic
- he thought the world was significantly smaller than it actually was
- he convinced the king and queen of Spain to give him three ships (Nina, pinta and Santa Maria)
- after 69 days at sea he spotted land and named it San Salvador
- he was sure he’d reached India
- he returned to Spain with some of the indigenous people as slaves
-people believed he had found a sea route to Asia and he was appointed governor of the new territory
Voyages of Exploration : Early colonisation of the New World
After Columbus’ successful voyage, Spanish settlers travelled where?
They were attracted to what?
They enslaved who?
What happened to the slaves?
When this happened what did the Spanish become worried about?
Islands of the Caribbean
The promises of riches that Columbus had brought back with him
Indigenous people
Possibly millions on the Caribbean islands were wiped out because of the Spanish who overworked them
Their source of slave labour and began to import large numbers of slaves from Africa to replace the indigenous population
Voyages of Exploration : Age of exploration after Columbus
Many others had followed Columbus such as?
John Cabot landed in Canada
Abel Tasman found Tasmania and New Zealand
Conquest of the new world
Rumours of the wealth of the new world spread quickly around Europe.
These stories prompted men to travel across the sea looking for wealth and adventure
These men were known as?
Conquistadores
Conquistadores
Spanish for conquerors
Soldiers who would conquer indigenous American civilisations such as the aztecs and Incas
Conquest of the new world : Conquering the Aztecs
The Aztecs came from where?
What was the name of the Aztec empire?
The Aztecs worshipped?
What did they believe in?
Modern day Mexico
Tenochtitlan
Many gods
Blood sacrifice
