Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse

Question 1

Drug that inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Answer 1

Fomepizole

Question 2

Drug that inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

Answer 2

Disulfram

Question 3

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System breaks down ethanol starting at what level?

Answer 3

100mg/dL

Question 4

What drugs inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase?

Answer 4

1. Disulfram
2. Metronidazole
3. Oral hypoglycemics
4. Some cephalosporins

Question 5

What are the effects of alcohol on GABA and glutamate?

Answer 5

1. Stimulate GABA

2. Depress glutamate

Question 6

Blackouts when you are super drunk is due to?

Answer 6

Inhibition of NMDA

Question 7

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Sedation, slow reaction times

Answer 7

50-100 mg/dL

Question 8

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Impairment of driving ability

Answer 8

60-80mg/dL

Question 9

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Impaired motor function, slurred speech, ataxia

Answer 9

100-200 mg/dL

Question 10

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Emesis, stupor

Answer 10

200-300 mg/dL

Question 11

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Coma

Answer 11

300-400 mg/dL

Question 12

[Blood alcohol Concentration]

Respiratory depression, Death

Answer 12

> 500 mg/dL

Question 13

What is the most common presentation of fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 13

mental retardation

Question 14

___ syndrome

Ataxia, confusion, paralysis of EOM

seen in intoxication states

Answer 14

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 15

Vitamin deficiency associated with alcoholism

Answer 15

B1

Question 16

A consequence of chonic alcoholism where in a disabling memory disorder that is reversible ___

Answer 16

korsakoff pscyhosis

Question 17

What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Mamillary bodies

Question 18

[Treatment of in alcohol]

what is the role of thiamin in treating chronic alcoholism?

Answer 18

Thiamine resurrects the level of dehydrogenase

Question 19

___ are seen in chronic alcoholics when forced to reduce or discontinue alcohol

Answer 19

Delirium tremens

Question 20

____ syndrome

motor agitation, anxiety, insomnia, reduction of seizure threshold

Answer 20

Withdrawal syndrome

Question 21

What are the components of delirium tremens?

Answer 21

Hallucinations
Autonomic instability
Delirium
48-72 hours post discontinuation

Question 22

What is the DOC as substitute for alcohol in treating delirium tremens

Answer 22

Long acting diazepams are used

Question 23

What is the preferred treatment for patients with liver disease suffering from delirium tremens

Answer 23

short acting benzodiazepines are used (i.e lorazepam)

Question 24

{drug for chronic alcoholism]

Opioid antagonist, competitively blocks mu, gamma and kappa receptors,

Answer 24

1. Natrexone
2. Naloxone
3. Nalmefene
4. Alvimopam
5. Methylnaltrexone

Question 25

{drug for chronic alcoholism] Among the opioid antagonists, which drug reduces craving in alcohol, nicotine and opioid dependence?

Answer 25

Naltrexone

Question 26

{drug for chronic alcoholism] Among the opioid antagonists, which have a longer DOA?

Answer 26

1. Naltrexone | 2. Nalmefene

Question 27

{drug for chronic alcoholism] Among the opioid antagonists, which has a poor CNS penetrability

Answer 27

1. Alvimopan | 2. Methylnaltrexone

Question 28

___ is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor that cause nausea, headache, flushing, hypotension

Answer 28

Disulfram

Question 29

Cite the drugs that cause disulfram reaction

Answer 29

1. Chlorpropamide 2. Cefoperazone 3. Cefomandole 4. Cefotetan 5. Procarbazine 6. Metronidazole

Question 30

___ is a weak NMDA antagonist and GABAA receptor activator

Answer 30

Acamprosate

Question 31

what product of methanol metabolism is considered toxci

Answer 31

formic acid

Question 32

What are the drug of choice for methanol poisoning?

Answer 32

1. Ethanol | 2. Fomepizole

Question 33

What byproduct of ethylene glycol has the toxic effect

Answer 33

1. Oxalic acid

Question 34

Oxalic acid from ethylene glycol is produced by this enzyme

Answer 34

alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 35

___ signs and symptoms opposite of those caused by a drug when it is withdrawn from chronic use or when the dose is abruptly lowered

Answer 35

Dependence

Question 36

____ compulsive drug-using behavior in which the person uses the drug for personal satisfaction

Answer 36

Addiction

Question 37

decreased response to a drug

Answer 37

tolerance

Question 38

[Etiology of tolerance] increased deposition of the drug

Answer 38

metabolic tolerance

Question 39

[Etiology of tolerance] ability to compensate for the effects of a drug

Answer 39

behavioral tolerance

Question 40

[Etiology of tolerance] changes in receptor or effector systems involved in drug action

Answer 40

functional tolerance

Question 41

The "reward" corresponds to ____ system

Answer 41

mesolimbic

Question 42

[diagnose: what drug] agitation, hypertension, tachycardia, delusions, hallucinations, hyperthermia, seizures, death

Answer 42

amphetamine

Question 43

[diagnose: what drug] apathy, irritability, increased sleep time, disorientation, depression

Answer 43

amphetamine withdrawal

Question 44

[diagnose: what drug] severe HPN, hyperthermia, delirium, psychomotor agitation, profound hyponatremia intracranial hemorrhage, MI, aortic dissection, DIC, rhabdomyolysis, seizures, serotonin syndrom

Answer 44

MDMA overdose

Question 45

[diagnose: what drug] hypertension, vasoconstriction, thrombus formation, psychomotor agitation, severe hyperthermia, dyspnea bowel ischemia, crack lung Mydriasis

Answer 45

cocaine overdose

Question 46

[diagnose: what drug] antagonist at the glutamate NMDA receptor no dopaminergic neurons in the CNS

Answer 46

phencyclidine

Question 47

what is the most dangerous hallucinogenic agent

Answer 47

Phencyclidine

Question 48

[diagnose: what drug] horizontal and vertical nystagmus marked hypertension fatal seizures

Answer 48

Phencyclidine overdose

Question 49

What are the active components of marijuana?

Answer 49

1. Tetrahydrocannabinol 2. Cannabidiol 3. Cannabinol

Question 50

[diagnose: what drug] euphoria, disinhibition, uncontrollable laughter, changes in perception, achievement of dream-like state, impaired mental concentration, vasodilation, tachycardia, reddened conjunctiva, dry mouth, impaired judgement and reflexes

Answer 50

marijuana

Question 51

[diagnose: what drug] related to amphetamine used for ADHD

Answer 51

methyphenidate