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Pharmacology > Autonomic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Autonomic Pharmacology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

[SNS/PNS: Eye]

mydriasis

A

sympathetic (alpha 1)

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2
Q

[SNS/PNS: Eye]

miosis

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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3
Q

[SNS/PNS: Heart]

Tachycardia

A

sympathetic (beta 1)

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4
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Detrusor muscle relaxation

A

sympathetic (beta 2)

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5
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Detrusor muscle contraction

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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6
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Trigone and bladder sphincter contraction

A

sympathetic (alpha 1)

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7
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Trigone and bladder sphincter relaxation

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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8
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Pregnant uterus relaxation

A

sympathetic (beta 2)

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9
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

Pregnant uterus contraction (not sensitive)

A

parasympathetic (M3)

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10
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

ejaculation

A

sympathethic (alpha)

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11
Q

[SNS/PNS: genitourinary]

erection

A

parasympathetic (erection)

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12
Q

[SNS/PNS: skin]

this has no effect on the skin

A

parasympathetic

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13
Q

[SNS/PNS: skin]

sympathetic but mediated by Ach

A

eccrine sweat glands

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14
Q

[Enzyme: product]

choline acetyltransferase

A

Ach

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15
Q

This drug inhibits choline transport

A

hemicholinium

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16
Q

A drug that is a ganglion blocker

A

Hexamathonium

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17
Q

Acetylcholine is transported into vesicles for storage by ____

A

vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)

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18
Q

the vesicle-associated transporter is inhibited by this drug

A

Vesamicol

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19
Q

this drug prevents the release of acetylcholine through the enzymatic removal of 2 amino acids from one or more fusion proteins

A

botulinum toxin

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20
Q

Physiologic release of Acetylcholine is triggered by the influx of this ion

A

calcium

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21
Q

this drug prevents the fusion of the vesicle membrane (containing acetycholine) to the terminanal membrane and opening pore into the synapse

A

Botulinum toxin

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22
Q

the enzyme that degrades acetylcholine to choline and acetate

A

acetylcholinesterase

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23
Q

The indirect-acting cholinomimetics inhibit this enzyme

A

acetylcholinesterase

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24
Q

What acetycholinesterase inhibitor is found in the liver?

A

Butyrylcholinesterase

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25
What acetycholinesterase inhibitor is found in the plasma?
pseudocholinesterase
26
___ is the only DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker
succinylcholine
27
___ us a short acting NON-DEPOLARIZING neuromuscular blocker
mivacurium
28
what drugs are metabolized by butyrycholinesterase/pseudocholinesterase?
succinylcholine, mivacurium
29
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the M1 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
increase IP3/DAG | increase intracellular Ca
30
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the M2 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
opening of K channels | decrease cAMP production
31
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the M3 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
increase IP3/DAG | increase intracellular Ca
32
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the M4 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
decrease cAMP
33
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the M5 cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
increase IP3/DAG | increase intracellular Ca
34
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the NN cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
Opening of Na and K channels, depolarization
35
[Cholinoreceptors] stimulation of the NM cholinoreceptor will lead to what secondary messenger changes?
Opening of Na and K channels, depolarization
36
[Cholinoreceptors] What are the cholinoreceptors seen in the CNS
M4, M5
37
[Cholinoreceptors] the myocardium contains what type of cholinoreceptor?
M2
38
[Cholinoreceptors] skeletal muscles contain what kind of cholinoreceptor?
NM
39
[Cholinoreceptors] NN cholinoreceptor are seen where?
ganglion, neuronal type
40
[Cholinoreceptors] the exocrine gland vessels contain what type of cholinoceptor?
M3
41
These are the types of drugs that mimics the action of acetylcholine?
cholinomimetics
42
[Sympa/Parasympa] cholinomimetics exhibit a ___ efect
parasympathomimetic effect
43
[Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic] uses during mitotic ocular surgery
Acetylcholine
44
[Direct-Acting Choline Esters] carbamic acid esters that are resistant to hydrolysis of AChE
Bethanecol, Carbachol
45
[Direct-Acting Choline Esters] used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention
bethanechol
46
[Direct acting muscarinic] used for glaucoma, Sjogren Syndrome
pilocarpine Acts by contraction of the iris sphincter
47
[Direct acting muscarinic] Similar to pilocarpine but are M3 selective
cevimeline
48
[Direct acting muscarinic] drug that facilitates the aqueous humor outflow
pilocarpine
49
[Direct acting muscarinic] causes hypertension after a brief period of hypotension
pilocarpine due to activation of sympathietic M1 receptors
50
[Direct-acting, nicotinic] what is the fatal amount of nicotine?
40mg Nicotine is associated with greater release of dopamine in the mesolimbic system
51
What is the treatment for muscarinic toxicity?
atropine
52
What are the symptoms of muscarinic toxicity?
``` S - salivation L - lacrimation U - urination D -defecation G - GI cramping E - emesis ``` Atropine addresses these
53
What are the nicotinic toxicity symptoms?
``` M - muscle cramps T - tachycardia W - weakness T - twitching F - fasciculations ``` Para, sympa, neuromuscular junctions are affected
54
[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics] what is the mechanism of action of indirect acting cholinomimetics?
bind to cholinesterase and undergo prompt hydrolysis
55
[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics] short acting, quatrenary amine, used in Tensilon test, cant cross the BBB
Edophonium
56
[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics] intermediate-acting, treatment for myasthenia gravis and postoperative and neurogenic ileus
neostigmine
57
[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics] similar to neostigmine byt has good lipid solubility, can enter the CNS due to its tertiary amine structure
physostigmine
58
[Indirect-acting cholinomimetics] drug used to reverse the effects of neostigmine or edrophonium
atropine
59
What are the signs of organophosphate toxicity?
``` D - diarrhea U - urination M - miosis B - bradycardia B - bronchospasm E - emnesis L - lacrimation S - salivation S - sweating ```
60
What antibiotic may worsen patients with myasthenia gravis?
aminoglycoside antibiotics
61
[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate] insecticide, used in ectoparasite, scabies
Malathion
62
[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate] insecticide, harmful in humans, agricultural use
Parathion
63
[Long acting cholinesterase inhibitors/organophosphate] also called nerve gas, used in warfare and terrorism
sarin, tabun, soman
64
Drug used in Alzheimer's disease by amplifying endogenously released acetylcholine; available as transdermal patch
rivastigmine
65
Drug used in Alzheimer's disease by amplifying endogenously released acetylcholine often combined with an NMDA antagonist (memantine)
Donepezil
66
An NMDA receptor blocker used for moderate to severe dementia
memantine
67
Notorious in causing hyperthermia; only addresses the nicotinic signs of toxicity
atropine
68
What are the effects of direct acting muscarinic agonis in heart rate, secretion, and smooth muscle?
1. Decrease HR 2. increase secretion 3. increase smooth muscle contraction
69
[Treatment for cholinergic poisoning] very high activity to phosphorous of organophosphate; reverses organophosphate poisoning by regenerating AChE
pralidoxime
70
[Treatment for cholinergic poisoning] antidote for early stage cholinesterase inhibitor
pralidoxime

Pharmacology (35 decks)

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