Amino Acids Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
amino acids consist of what 4 groups connected to the central alpha carbon?
A
amino group, carboxyl group, R side chain, hydrogen bond
2
Q
NH2 is what type of group?
A
amino
3
Q
COOH is what type of group?
A
carboxyl
4
Q
At physiological pH, amino group is _____ and looks like NH3+
A
protonated
5
Q
At physiological pH, the carboxyl group is _________ and looks like COO-
A
unprotonated
6
Q
The R side chain, amino group, hydrogen, and carboxyl group and bounded by what type of bond?
A
covalent
7
Q
How many nonpolar/hydrophobic amino acids are there?
A
8
8
Q
ALA, A
A
alanine
9
Q
VAL, V
A
valine
10
Q
LEU, L
A
leucine
11
Q
ILE, I
A
isoleucine
12
Q
PRO, P
A
proline
13
Q
MET, M
A
methionine
14
Q
PHE, F
A
phenylalanine
15
Q
TRP, W
A
tryptophan
16
Q
alanine is a ___ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
17
Q
valine is a _____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
18
Q
leucine is a ____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
19
Q
isoleucine is a ____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
20
Q
proline is a ____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
21
Q
methionine is a ____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
22
Q
phenylalanine is a ____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
23
Q
tryptophan is a _____ amino acid
A
nonpolar/hydrophobic
24
Q
alanine has a ____ R chain
A
short
25
valine has a ____ R chain
short
26
leucine has a ____ R chain
short
27
isoleucine has a ____ R chain
short
28
phenylalanine has a _____ R chain
ring structure
29
tryptophan has a _____ R chain
6 side ring fused to a 5 side N structure
30
proline has a ____ R chain
unique cyclic
31
methionine has a ____ R chain
sulfur containing
32
There are _____ polar amino acids
8
33
glycine is a _____ amino acid
polar
34
serine is a _____ amino acid
polar
35
threonine is a _____ amino acid
polar
36
tyrosine is a _____ amino acid
polar
37
cysteine is a _____ amino acid
polar
38
asparagine is a _____ amino acid
polar
39
glutamine is a _____ amino acid
polar
40
histidine is a _____ amino acid
polar
41
glycine has a ____ R group
simplest, H
42
serine has a ____ R group
hydroxyl (OH)
43
OH is what kind of group?
hydroxyl
44
threonine has a _____ R group
hydroxyl (OH)
45
tyrosine has a ____ R group
hydroxyl (OH)
46
cysteine has a ____ R group
sulfur containing
47
asparagine has a ____ R group
amide (NH2)
48
glutamine has a ____ R group
amide (NH2)
49
histidine has a _____ R group
amide
50
____ is unique in that at pH above or at 7 it has normal structure but at pH below 7, the second nitrogen binds to an extra H+ and gives the R side chain a positive charge
histidine
51
The sulfur R side chain group on cysteine is ____ reactive
highly
52
What are the 2 acidic amino acids (have net neg charge at pH 7)
aspartic acid, glutamid acid
53
How many acidic amino acids are there?
2
54
the acidic amino acids what a ____ R group
carboxyl (COOH)
55
What are the 2 basic amino acids (net pos charge at neutral pH)?
lysine, arginine
56
the basic amino acids have a ____ R group
positively charged nitrogen group
57
Hydroxylysine is a modified _____ found in _____
lysine, collagen
58
Hydroxylysine has an added _____ compared to lysine
OH
59
Acetyllysine is a modified ____ found in ____ ______
lysine, histone proteins
60
thyroxine is 2 ______ and is found in ___ _____
tyrosines, thyroid hormone
61
Thyroxine has added ___ _____ and lost other atoms
4 iodines
62
Carboxyglutamic acid is modified ____ involved ____ _____
glutamic acids, blood clotting
63
Carboxyglutamic acid has added 2 _____ ______
carboxyl groups
64
Carboxyglutamic acid is found with the protein in blood clotting factors to ____ them
activate
65
Acetyllysine has an added _____ linked through the amino group
acetyl
66
Acetyllysine allowed for _____ _______ and the modification is later removed to allow histones to rebind to DNA
DNA seperation
67
Acetyllysine ______ lysine to allow for DNA strand seperation
neutralized
68
The cationic form of amino acids is at a ___ pH
low
69
the _____ group is neutral when the amino acid is in cationic form
carboxyl
70
the ____ group is positively charged when the amino acid is in cationic form
amino
71
the ____ bound hydrogen is released when going from cationic form to zwitterion (neutral)
weakly bound
72
The ____ group is negatively changed when the amino acid is in neutral/zwitterion form
carboxyl
73
The ____ group is positively changed when the amino acid is in neutral/zwitterion form
amino
74
The ____ group is negatively changed when the amino acid is in anionic form
carboxyl
75
The ____ group is neutral when the amino acid is in anionic form
amino
76
The amino acid is in ____ form when the pH is high
anionic
77
The 1 positive and 1 negative charged group on the zwitterion atom makes it ______ (they cancel out)
neutral
78
The net charge is _____ in the cationic form
positive (+1)
79
The net charge is _____ in the anionic form
negative (-1)
80
The overall charge of the amino acid is highly sensitive to _____
pH
81
The most important reaction of amino acids is making a ________ _________
peptide bond
82
A peptide bond is formed by the reaction of the ____ group of one amino acid and the _____ group of another
carboxyl (COO-), amino (NH3+)
83
The reaction of forming a peptide bond results in the creation and loss of a ____ molecule
water
84
CO-NH is a ____ bond
peptide/amide
85
The result of a peptide bond formation has a ____-terminal end and a ____-terminal end
N, C
86
The formation of a ____ ______ aides in the folding of protein chains, helps form loops, and stabilizes the 3D protein structure
disulfide bridge
87
What are the three terms for having two possible configurations?
mirror-image isomers, enantiomers, chiral
88
All proteins are naturally found in the ____ configuration
L
89
The two mirror images are the ___ form and the ____ form
L (left/levo), D (dextro/right)
90
The lab technique of separating amino acids or proteins is ___ ____ _______
ion exchange chromatography
91
The ___ _____ charged amino acid is eluted first in the ion exchange chromatography
least positively
92
The bead used in ion exchange chromatography is ___ charged
negatively
93
The amino acid that can form a disulfide bridge is ______
cysteine
94
If a protein is X amino acid residues in length, how many different amino acid sequences are possible?
20^X
