Biological Enzymes

Question 1

convert glucose to glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 1

hexokinase

Question 2

convert glucose 6 phosphate to fructose 6 phosphate

Answer 2

phosphoglucose isomerase

Question 3

convert fructose 6 phosphate to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Answer 3

phosphofructokinase

Question 4

convert fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Answer 4

aldolase

Question 5

convert dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

Answer 5

triose phosphate isomerase

Question 6

convert glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Answer 6

glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 7

convert 1,3 diphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate

Answer 7

phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 8

convert 3 phosphoglycerate to 2 phosphoglycerate

Answer 8

phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 9

convert 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 9

enolase

Question 10

convert phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

Answer 10

pyruvate kinase

Question 11

convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

Answer 11

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 12

convert acetyl-CoA to citrate

Answer 12

citrate synthase

Question 13

convert citrate to isocitrate

Answer 13

aconitase

Question 14

convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate

Answer 14

isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 15

convert alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl Co-A

Answer 15

alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Question 16

succinyl Co-A to succinate

Answer 16

succinyl Co-A synthetase

Question 17

succinate to fumarate

Answer 17

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 18

fumarate to malate

Answer 18

fumarase

Question 19

malate to oxaloacetate

Answer 19

malate dehydrogenase

Question 20

initiation factor that binds to the replication of origin (oriC) to separate the strands of the double helix

Answer 20

DnaA

Question 21

helicase protein that binds to the separated strands of DNA and unwinds the double helix

Answer 21

DnaB

Question 22

protein that prevents the two strands of DNA from coming back together

Answer 22

SSB

Question 23

enzyme that relieves the stress in the helical DNA structure caused by DNA unwinding

Answer 23

DNA gyrase/DNA topoisomerase 2

Question 24

two proteins that deliver DnaB protein to the replication forks

Answer 24

DnaC, DnaT

Question 25

synthesizes an RNA primer needed for DNA replication

Answer 25

primase enzyme

Question 26

entire enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strands

Answer 26

DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme

Question 27

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that is the polymerase activity

Answer 27

alpha

Question 28

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that is the 3' to 5' exonuclease proofreading activity

Answer 28

epsilon

Question 29

part of DNA polymerase 3 holoenzyme that stimulates the proofreading activity

Answer 29

theta

Question 30

termination proteins that binds to the Ter region to end DNA replication

Answer 30

Tus

Question 31

functions in the initiation of nuclear DNA replication

Answer 31

DNA polymerase alpha

Question 32

principle DNA polymerase in eukaryotic DNA replication

Answer 32

DNA polymerase delta

Question 33

DNA polymerase that cooperates with DNA polymerase delta

Answer 33

DNA polymerase epsilon

Question 34

DNA polymerase that functions in DNA repair

Answer 34

DNA polymerase beta

Question 35

DNA polymerase that serves in the DNA replication of enzymes in the mitochondria

Answer 35

DNA polymerase gamma

Question 36

protein complex that binds to replication origins, essential for the assembly of the pre-replicative complex

Answer 36

ORC

Question 37

eukaryotic helicases that unwind the double helix at replication origins and separates the DNA strand

Answer 37

MCM proteins

Question 38

bring about the binding of MCM proteins to the replication origins

Answer 38

Cdc6 proteins

Question 39

kinase complex that initiates DNA replication by adding phosphate groups to ORC, MCM, and Cdc6 proteins

Answer 39

cyclin CDK

Question 40

in base excision repair, removes the damaged base by cleaving the glycosidic bond between the base and the deoxyribose

Answer 40

DNA glycosylase

Question 41

in base excision repair, cleaves the backbone to remove the deoxyribose and phosphate group

Answer 41

endonuclease

Question 42

in base excision repair, removes a number of additional nucleotide residues

Answer 42

exonuclease

Question 43

in base excision repair, fills the gap with a patch of DNA

Answer 43

DNA polymerase 1

Question 44

in base excision repair, seals the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone to create a continuous strand of DNA

Answer 44

DNA ligase

Question 45

a2bb'o

Answer 45

RNA polymerase holoenzyme

Question 46

a2bb'

Answer 46

core RNA polymerase that synthesizes RNA but is unable to bind to promoters

Question 47

o

Answer 47

RNA polymerase that binds the holoenzyme to the promoter sequence

Question 48

bb'

Answer 48

RNA polymerases that contribute to the active site

Question 49

b'

Answer 49

RNA polymerase that binds to the DNA template

Question 50

b

Answer 50

RNA polymerase that binds to the RNA nucleotides

Question 51

a

Answer 51

RNA polymerase that is essential for assembly of the enzyme subunits

Question 52

removes negative and positive supercoiling during elongation phase of transcription

Answer 52

topoisomerase

Question 53

transcribes major ribosomal RNA genes in eukaryotes and is located in the nucleolus

Answer 53

RNA polymerase 1

Question 54

transcribes protein-coding genes and therefore synthesizes mRNA in eukaryotes

Answer 54

RNA polymerase 2

Question 55

transcribes tRNA genes, 5S rRNA genes, and genes of other small RNAs in eukaryotes

Answer 55

RNA polymerase 3

Question 56

consists of 2 perpendicular a-helicies connected by a b-turn, where the side chains of 1 a-helix fits into the major groove of the DNA

Answer 56

helix-turn-helix motif

Question 57

consists one 2 anti-parallel b-strands followed by an a-helix, zinc ions are bound to amino acid side chains, and the a-helix inserts into the major groove of the DNA

Answer 57

zinc finger motif

Question 58

consists of a-helicies from 2 different proteins that form a coiled coil, extensions of the a-helicies bind to the major groove

Answer 58

leucine zipper motif

Question 59

regulatory sequences that may be located far from the promoter

Answer 59

enhancer elements

Question 60

carry out mRNA splicing

Answer 60

spliceosomes made of snRNPs

Question 61

IF-1, IF-2, IF-3

Answer 61

prokaryotic translation initiation factors

Question 62

elF1 etc.

Answer 62

eukaryotic translation initiation factors

Question 63

EF-Tu, EF-Ts, EF-G

Answer 63

prokaryotic translation elongation factors

Question 64

eEF1a, eEF1by, eEF2

Answer 64

eukaryotic translation elongation factors

Question 65

RF-1, RF-2, RF-3

Answer 65

prokaryotic translation release factors

Question 66

eRF1

Answer 66

eukaryotic translation release factors

Question 67

brings about binding of a new aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site

Answer 67

EF-Tu

Question 68

elongation factor that recycles EF-Tu

Answer 68

EF-Ts

Question 69

brings about translocation of the peptide chain back to the P site

Answer 69

EF-G