Lipids

Question 1

Lipids have ____ solubility in water

Answer 1

low

Question 2

are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 2

hydrophobic

Question 3

are lipids heterogenous or homogenous?

Answer 3

heterogenous

Question 4

What are the 2 major roles of lipids in cells?

Answer 4

energy stores, components of biological membranes

Question 5

fats come from _____

Answer 5

animals

Question 6

oils come from ____

Answer 6

plants

Question 7

____ consist of 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Answer 7

triacylglycerols

Question 8

Fats and oils of animal and plants are example of what type of lipid?

Answer 8

triacygylcerols

Question 9

Fats and oils of animal and plants are example of what type of lipid?

Answer 9

triacylglycerols

Question 10

___ ___ is a storage site for triacygylcerols

Answer 10

body fat (adipose tissue)

Question 11

body fat has ___ amounts of energy

Answer 11

high

Question 12

____ ____ Are composed of a long hydrogen chain with a carboxyl group at the end

Answer 12

fatty acids

Question 13

_____ fatty acids have only single C-C bonds

Answer 13

saturated

Question 14

___ fatty acids have 1-4 C-C double bonds

Answer 14

unsaturated

Question 15

What are the 2 major types of fatty acids?

Answer 15

saturated and unsaturated

Question 16

stearic acid is a ____ fatty acid

Answer 16

saturated

Question 17

oleic acid is a ___ fatty acid

Answer 17

unsaturated

Question 18

linoleic acid is a ___ fatty acid

Answer 18

unsaturated

Question 19

alpha linolenic acid is a ____ fatty acid

Answer 19

unsaturated

Question 20

____ is an omega 3 fatty acid

Answer 20

alpha linolenic acid

Question 21

____ is an omega 6 fatty acid

Answer 21

linoleic acid

Question 22

___ fatty acids are needed in the diet because the body does not have the enzymes to synthesize them on its own

Answer 22

essesstial

Question 23

What are the two essential fatty acids?

Answer 23

linoleic, alpha linolenic

Question 24

Omega 3 fatty acids are determined by what bond?

Answer 24

C-C double bond between carbons 3 and 4

Question 25

____ fatty acids have more than 1 C-C double bond

Answer 25

polyunsaturated

Question 26

Fatty acids typically have a ____ number of carbon atoms

Answer 26

even

Question 27

Dietary fatty acids are attached to a ____

Answer 27

glycerol

Question 28

fatty acids typically have between ____ and ____carbon atoms in even numbers

Answer 28

14-24

Question 29

____ are primarily found in adipose tissue/body fat

Answer 29

triacylglycerols

Question 30

____ serves as a storage site for lipids

Answer 30

adipose tissue/body fat

Question 31

_____ yield large amounts of energy in metabolic reactions

Answer 31

triacylglycerols

Question 32

1g of triacyclglycerols produce ______ kJ of energy whereas proteins and carbs produce ______Kj/g

Answer 32

38, 17

Question 33

____ have a phosphate group linked to carbon 3 of the glycerol backbone instead of a fatty acid

Answer 33

glycerophospholipids

Question 34

____ _____ is the core molecule of the common glycerophospholipids

Answer 34

phosphatidic acid

Question 35

____ is an 18 carbon molecule that forms the backbone of sphingolipids

Answer 35

sphingosine

Question 36

a _____ is formed by linking a fatty acid to the sphingosine

Answer 36

ceramide

Question 37

sphingomyelins are important in ______

Answer 37

nervous tissue of higher animals

Question 38

glycosphingolipids are important in ____

Answer 38

cell to cell recognition (in tissues and organs)

Question 39

____ are formed by linking a long chain fatty acid -COOH with a long chain alcohol -OH

Answer 39

waxes

Question 40

____ is a component of wool wax

Answer 40

lanolin

Question 41

_____ is wax from palm tree fronds

Answer 41

carnauba

Question 42

____ are formed by combining 2 or more molecules of isoprene

Answer 42

terpenes

Question 43

retinal, vitamin E, vitamin K, and coenzyme Q are examples of what?

Answer 43

terpenes

Question 44

what is the most common steroid in animals that is the precursor for all other animal steroids?

Answer 44

cholesterol

Question 45

____ are a component of lipoprotein complexes in blood and of plaques that form arterial walls in atherosclerosis

Answer 45

steroids

Question 46

androgens, estrogens, and progestins are examples of ___ _____

Answer 46

steroid hormones

Question 47

_____ are involved in the control of carb, protein, and lipid metabolism

Answer 47

glucocorticoids (i.e. cortisol)

Question 48

_____ regulate salt (Na+, K+, Cl-) balance in tissues

Answer 48

mineralocorticoids (i.e. aldosterone)

Question 49

aldosterone is an example of what

Answer 49

mineralocorticoid

Question 50

cortisol is an example of what

Answer 50

glucocorticoid

Question 51

____ ____ are detergent molecules secreted in the bile from the gallbladder that assist in the absorption of dietary lipids in the intestine

Answer 51

bile acids

Question 52

cholic acid and deoxycholic acid are examples of what?

Answer 52

bile acids

Question 53

___ ____ is the core molecule of glycerophospholipids

Answer 53

phosphatidic acid

Question 54

the linkage of sphingosine with a fatty acid to produce a ceramide involves what type of bond?

Answer 54

amide

Question 55

what is released in the production of a ceramide?

Answer 55

H2O

Question 56

____ give a water repellant property to animal skin, plant leaves, and bird feathers etc.

Answer 56

waxes

Question 57

waxes are formed via a ____ linkage

Answer 57

ester

Question 58

a wax links an ____ with a ____ ______

Answer 58

alcohol (-OH group), fatty acid (-COOH group)

Question 59

Terpenes are classified as ____ ____ because they do not have ___ ____ in their structure

Answer 59

simple lipids, fatty acids

Question 60

____ are commonly incorporated as part of more complex molecules

Answer 60

terpenes

Question 61

retinal is helpful for ____

Answer 61

vision

Question 62

the side chains of vitamins E and K1 are made up of _____ _____

Answer 62

isoprene molecules

Question 63

the steroid nucleus is composed of 3 ___ membered rings and 1 ____ membered ring

Answer 63

6, 5

Question 64

what are the 3 major blood proteins?

Answer 64

globulin, albulin, fibrinogen

Question 65

what are the 3 types of globulins?

Answer 65

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 66

___ and ____ globulins are used in lipid transport

Answer 66

alpha, beta

Question 67

_____ globulin is used in antibodies

Answer 67

gamma

Question 68

bile acids are required in ___amounts

Answer 68

high

Question 69

this type of protein helps solubilize fats so that they can be attacked by enzymes to be broken down and the fatty acid released

Answer 69

bile acids

Question 70

bile is produced in the ____ and ____ and secreted in the _____ tract

Answer 70

liver, gallbladder, digestive tract