Metabolism

Question 1

what are the 3 actions of metabolic pathways?

Answer 1

break down nutrients, synthesize complex molecules, convert one molecule to another

Question 2

catabolic pathways are also called ____

Answer 2

degrative

Question 3

catabolic pathways break down ___ ____ obtained from the diet/cellular reserves to generate ____ energy

Answer 3

nutrient molecules, ATP

Question 4

anabolic pathways are also called _____

Answer 4

biosynthetic

Question 5

anabolic pathways synthesize ___ ___ ____ from simple ____

Answer 5

complex biological molecules, precursors

Question 6

The the TCA cycle, the _____ are more important than the ___ ___

Answer 6

byproducts, final product

Question 7

What part of ATP is important for energy storage and is high in energy?

Answer 7

beta and gamma phosphate bonds

Question 8

____ use CO2 as their sole source of carbon to synthesize other compounds

Answer 8

autotrophs

Question 9

plants are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

Answer 9

autotrophs

Question 10

____ require an organic form of carbon such as glucose

Answer 10

heterotrophs

Question 11

animals/bacteria are classified as what regarding sources of carbon?

Answer 11

heterotrophs

Question 12

____ are photosynthetic and use light as their source of energy

Answer 12

phototrophs

Question 13

plants are classified as what in regard to source of energy?

Answer 13

phototrophs

Question 14

____ use organic/dietary sources of energy

Answer 14

chemotrophs

Question 15

animals are classified as what in regard to source of energy?

Answer 15

chemotrophs

Question 16

_____ use O2 in energy-producing pathways

Answer 16

aerobes

Question 17

____can exist without O2

Answer 17

anaerobes

Question 18

animals are classified as what in regard to oxygen use?

Answer 18

aerobes

Question 19

microbes are classified as what in regard to oxygen use?

Answer 19

anaerobes

Question 20

anaerobes produce enough energy in ____ to not need O2

Answer 20

glycolosis

Question 21

CO2, light, plants

Answer 21

photoautotrophs

Question 22

organic cpds, light, nonsulfur purple bacteria

Answer 22

photoheterotrophs

Question 23

CO2, oxidation reduction reactions, nitrifying bacteria

Answer 23

chemoautotrophs

Question 24

organic cpds, oxidation reduction reactions, animals

Answer 24

chemoheterotrophs

Question 25

what are the energy yielding nutrients in catabolic reactions?

Answer 25

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 26

what are the energy poor end products of catabolic reactions?

Answer 26

H2O, CO2, NH3

Question 27

what is the energetic byproduct of catabolic reactions?

Answer 27

NADH

Question 28

what are the precursor molecules of anabolic reactions?

Answer 28

amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, nitrogenous bases

Question 29

what are the cell macromolecule products of anaerobic reactions?

Answer 29

proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 30

____ is used up in anaerobic reactions

Answer 30

NADPH

Question 31

____ is produced in the glycolysis pathway and citric acid cycle

Answer 31

NADH

Question 32

_____ is produced in the pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 32

NADPH

Question 33

____ is important on NADH and NADPH structure

Answer 33

niacin (B3)

Question 34

___ pathways generate chemical energy in the form of ATP

Answer 34

exergonic

Question 35

are catabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 35

exergonic

Question 36

____ pathways use chemical energy of ATP to form new covalent bonds

Answer 36

endergonic

Question 37

are anabolic pathways exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 37

endergonic

Question 38

what is the most common enzyme pathway?

Answer 38

physically separate soluble enzymes

Question 39

what enzyme pathways is located in cellular cytoplasm and involves diffusing and moving?

Answer 39

physically separate, soluble enzymes

Question 40

what enzyme pathway has the enzymes linked together in a quaternary structure, and the substrate is passed alone the enzyme chain?

Answer 40

cytoplasmic multienzyme complexes

Question 41

what enzyme pathway involves enzymes that are associated with the outer cell membrane?

Answer 41

membrane-associated multienzyme complexes

Question 42

what are the 2 enzyme options of catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Answer 42

different and shared

Question 43

what enzyme option is preferred for catabolic and anabolic pathways?

Answer 43

different

Question 44

what is a key property of many enzymes?

Answer 44

they can catalyze both anabolic and catabolic reactions depending on circumstance

Question 45

____ is the stepwise degradation of glucose and other simple sugars to produce pyruvate

Answer 45

glycolysis

Question 46

what is the product of glycolosis?

Answer 46

pyruvate

Question 47

glycolysis is an ____ process

Answer 47

anaerobic

Question 48

glycolysis provides the precursors for aerobic processes such as _____

Answer 48

TCA cycle

Question 49

glycolysis provides __ ___ ___ ____ by generating ATP when oxygen is limited

Answer 49

short term energy sources

Question 50

what occurs in the first phase of glycolysis?

Answer 50

there are 5 enzyme catalyzed reactions that allow glucose molecules to be broken down into 3 molecules of glyceralydehyde-3-phosphate

Question 51

what occurs in the second phase of glycolysis?

Answer 51

five reactions covert the 2 molecules ofglyceralydehyde-3-phosphate into 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 52

phase 1 of glycolysis consumes ____ molecules of ATP

Answer 52

2

Question 53

phase 2 of glycolysis generates ____ molecules of ATP

Answer 53

4

Question 54

what is the net number of ATP molecules produced by glycolysis?

Answer 54

2 (4-2)

Question 55

in aerobic cells, ___ carbon atoms of the 3-carbon pyruvate become the acetyl group of ____ ___ _____

Answer 55

2, acetyl co-A

Question 56

____ ____ _____ molecules are metabolized by the ___ _____ and ____ ____ to generate ATP

Answer 56

acetyl co-A, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorilation

Question 57

____ ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose entering glycolysis

Answer 57

30

Question 58

where are glycolysis enzymes located/the process occurs?

Answer 58

cytosol

Question 59

where are citric acid cycle enzymes located/the process occurs?

Answer 59

mitochondrial matrix

Question 60

where are electron transport/oxidative phosphorylation enzymes located/the process occurs?

Answer 60

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 61

what byproducts are released by catabolism in the ATP cycle?

Answer 61

CO2, H2O

Question 62

How is ATP formed in plants?

Answer 62

photosynthesis

Question 63

__ and ___ are the fuels for the ATP cycle

Answer 63

NADH, FADH