AMOEBA Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
ArE PROTOZOANS unicellular or multi?
A
unicellular
2
Q
are they motile or not?
A
motile
3
Q
in what characteristics they are grouped?
A
by their locomotor apparatus
4
Q
their cytoplasm is divided into how many andwhat parts?
A
2 - ectoplasm and endoplasm
5
Q
in what type of cytoplasm we can find the locomotor apparatus?
A
ectoplasm
6
Q
locomotor apparatus of cillates
A
cilia
7
Q
locomotor apparatus of flagellates
A
flagella
8
Q
locomotor apparatus of amoeba
A
pseudopodia
9
Q
what other parts are we can find under the ectoplasm aside from the locomotor apparatus?
A
cytostome and cyttopyge
10
Q
locomotor apparatus that will assist flagellates flagella?
A
undulating membrane
11
Q
Structure for Procurement of food
A
cytostome
12
Q
a cell mouth is called
A
cytostome
13
Q
a countrpart of cytostome “cell anus” for excretion
A
cytopyge
14
Q
a part of cytoplasm that is for vital functions and processes
A
endoplasm
15
Q
protozoa’s 2 stage
A
trophozoite and cyst
vegetative - trophozoite
infective stage - cysts
16
Q
a stage where the amoeba is in vegetative or motile state/feeding stage/ a stage where it multiply
A
Trophozoite
17
Q
a stage of amoeba where it is non motile/non feeding/didn’t undergo multiplication/ VERY INFECTIVE
A
cyst
18
Q
this stage is more protected as it hast thick shell
A
cyst
19
Q
genus exist in cyst form except?
A
trichomonas - it only exist in trophozoite
20
Q
a first process to take place if the INFECTIVE form is ingested
A
excystation
21
Q
a morphological version of cyst into trophozoite
A
excystation
22
Q
from trophozoite to cyst
A
encystation
23
Q
a morphological version of trophozoite into cyst
A
encystation
24
Q
once the environment become unfavorable for it to replicate what will be the next process?
A
encystation it will now become cyst
25
triggers of encystation (t to cyst)
overpopulation, ph changes, depletion of nutrients and oxygen
26
sexual process of amoeba
syngamy
27
thisprocess is a union of gametes
syngamy - sexual
28
asexual process for amoeba
binary fission
29
the only member of protozoology that is pathogenic
intestinal amoeba
30
class lobosea's important characteristics has the ability to extend cytoplasm in a form of?
pseudopods
31
first member of entamoeba
entamoeba histolytica
32
mode of transmission of entamoeba histolytica
ingestion feco-oral, unprotected sex
33
infective stage of E.histolytica
quadrinucleated cyst -4 cyst
34
appearance of the pseudopods in E. Histolytica
fingerlike pseudopods
35
movement of E. hystolitica
progressive and unidirecttional movement
highly motile
36
number of nucleus for Trophozoite in E.histolytica
1
37
what is a chromatin found in the nucleus
karyosome
38
a chromatin material that will surround the karyosome or the nuclear membrane is called
peripheral chromatin
39
options for peripheral chromatin
even and unevr - if even , it will form an perfect circle
40
the presence of __ as inclusions will be the diagnostic for e. HISTOLYTICA
INGESTED RBC
41
Ingested red blood
cells are observed as ____ in the cytoplasm of the ameba
pale, greenish, refractile
bodies
42
chromatoid bars of E. histolytica
cigar shape - rounded points
43
for the pathogenesis, we call the disease for the amoeba as
amoebiasis
44
The proposed mechanisms for virulence
are:
production of enzymes or other cytotoxic
substances,
contact-dependent cell killing,
cytophagocytosis
45
2 forms of amoebiasis
non invasive and invasive
46
a form of amoebiasis that will comprises the asymptomatic carrier state of the host
"asymptomatic cyst passer"
non nvasive
47
ameba colony on intestinal mucosa
non invasive
48
in invasive form, it has 2 types, what are they?
symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis
and asymptomatic extratestinal amoebiasis
49
first stage in symptomatic intestinal amoebiasis is the
amoebic colitis
50
during this stage of symptomatic the patient will encounter gastrointestinal gas such as diarrhea
amoebic colitis
51
The most serious complication of amebic
colitis is __ and ___
perforation and secondary bacterial
peritonitis
52
this symptomatic stage - amoebic colitis can progress into
amoebic dysentery
53
"bloody diarrhea"
amoebic dysentery - stool with pus cells and mucus during the microscopic examination
54
during the 2nd stage of symptomatic invasive amoebiasis, there will be a diagnosis of
flask shaped ulcers causing dysentery
55
secondary bacterial infection is in this case
amoebic dysentery stage - symptomatic invasive amoebiasis
56
once the trophozoite migrates and penetrated the intestinal mucosa, it will undergo what process or stage?
extraintestinal amoebiasis
57
an invasive stage wherein the amoeba will g out of intestine
extraintestinal amoebiasis
58
the main site of infection of extraintestinal amoebiasis is the
right part of the liver
59
Chocolate-colored ‘pus will indicate
amebic liver abscess
60
Treatment for aAsymptomatic amoebic infection
Iodoquinol or Paromomycin
61
infection of amoeba on the right part/lobe of the liver is called ALA, what does ALA stands for
amebic liver abscess
62
more example of manifestation when examined microscopically is the thickening of wall called
ameboma
63
more example of manifestation is the inflammation of the abdominal wall or the perforation of the intestinal wall which is called
peritonitis
64
lessions might expand to diaphram affecting the lungs, it will lead to
Pulmonary Amoebiasis or amoebic pneumonitis
65
Fever, cough, dyspnea, pain in the upper quadrant of the abdomen
Pulmonary Amoebiasis
66
Rupture of liver abscess through
diaphragm
Pulmonary Amoebiasis
67
Treatment for symptomatic amoebic infection
Metronidazole or Tinidazole
68
MORPHOLOGICALLY IDENTICAL to Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar, entamoeba hartmanni, and Entamoeba moshkovskii
69
if we recover cyst, HOW do we report E. dispar and E. histolytica
Report it as Entamoeba
70
Non pathogenic entamoeba histolytica STRAIN
Entamoeba dispar
71
based on the stool consistency for E. dispar, if it's watery, we report
trophozoite
72
based on the stool consistency for E. dispar, if it's formed, we report
cyst
73
Entamoeba coli
Trophozoite:
size:
karyosome:
chromatin:
endoplams
Entamoeba coli
Trophozoite:
size: 20-25
karyosome: eccentric
chromatin: unevenly
endoplasm: more vacuolated
74
the most number of nuclei in cysts form
Entamoeba coli
75
cyst form of entamoeba coli
number or nuclei
chromatoid bars
shape of cyst
cyst form of entamoeba coli
number or nuclei - 1-8
chromatoid bars- splintered
shape of cyst Large, spherical or ovoidal shaped cyst, 15-25 mm
76
small race of entamoeba histolytica
entamoeba hartmanni
77
rarely found in humans
* commensal of pigs & monkeys
Entamoeba
polecki
78
movement of polecki
sluggish
79
its mature cyst has only one nucleus
entamoeba polecki and iodamoeba butschlii
80
Entamoeba ___, which is found in apes
and monkeys, is morphologically identical to
E. polecki
chattoni
81
More recently, it has been detected
in ___ human infections. Identification of E.
chattoni was done via isoenzyme analysis.
eight
82
a free living enatamoeba
Entamoeba moshkovskii
83
has irregular karyosome, no peripheral chromatin in t stage, and has blunt like karyosomes
endolimax nana
84
2 members that has no peripheral chromatin
Endolimax nana and Iodamoeba bütschlii
85
cross eyed? cysts
endolimax nana
86
stained with iodine
iodomoeba butschlii
87
its cyst has gylcogen vacoule
iodamoeba butschlii
88
its karyosone is quite large
iodamoeba butschlii
89
oral cavity
* no cyst stage
periodontal disease
Entamoeba
gingivalis
90
transmission of gingivalis is
Transmission is most probably direct:
through kissing, droplet spray, or by sharing
utensils.
91
E. gingivalis lives on the surface of
gum and teeth, in gum pockets, and sometimes
in the tonsillar crypts.
92
The standard method of parasitologic
diagnosis is __ of the
trophozoites and cysts in stool specimens
microscopic detection
93
Ideally, a minimum of __stool specimens
collected on different days should be examined.
three
94
For detection of trophozoites, fresh stool
specimens should be examined within ___
minutes from defecation.
30
95
Using saline and methylene
blue, Entamoeba species will stain __, thus,
differentiating them from white blood cells.
blue
96
Concentration methods such as __ and ___ are more sensitive
than the DFS for detection of cysts
Formalin
Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Test
(FECT)
Merthiolate Iodine Formalin
Concentration Test (MIFC)
97
Differentiation between E. histolytica and
E. dispar is not possible by microscopy. This
can only be done by
PCR,
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA),
and isoenzyme analysis.
98
The treatment of amebiasis has two
objectives:
a) to cure invasive disease at both
intestinal and extraintestinal sites; and
b) to eliminate the passage of cysts from the intestinal lumen.
99
__ is the drug of choice
for the treatment of invasive amebiasis
Metronidazole
100
_ is the drug of choice for asymptomatic
cyst passers of amoeba
Diloxanide
furoate
101
__ of liver abscess is
indicated for patients who do not respond
to metronidazole and who need prompt
symptomatic relief of severe pain
Percutaneous drainage
102
Amebic infection is prevalent in what area
Indian subcontinent, Africa, East Asia, and
South and Central America.
103
Entamoeba moshkovskii isolates, although
first detected in
sewage
104
f Entamoeba
___, which has no cyst stage, and does not
inhabit the intestine
gingivalis
105
Entamoeba __ is also physiologically unique—it
being osmotolerant, able to grow at room
temperature (25-30°C optimum), able to
survive at temperatures ranging from 0 to 41°C.
moshkovskii
106
__coli is cosmopolitan in
distribution, and is considerably more common
than other human amebae
Entamoeba
107
differentiate E.coli from E. histolytica trophozoite
1) a more vacuolated or granular endoplasm with bacteria and debris, but no red blood cells;
2) a narrower, less-differentiated ectoplasm;
3) broader and blunter pseudopodia used more for feeding than locomotion;
4) more sluggish, undirected
movements; and
5) thicker, irregular peripheral
chromatin with a large, eccentric karyosome in
the nucleus
108
Trophozoites of commensal entamoeba are best demonstrated by __
direct
fecal smear
109
In recovering cysts of commensal entamoeba, the use of
concentration techniques like __ and __ is useful.
FECT and zinc sulfate flotation
110
