MIDTERMS - BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES - TRYPANOSOMATIDAE Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
how blood and tissue flagellates are being transported?
A
through vectors
2
Q
blood and tissue flagellates belong to what family?
A
trypanosomatidae
3
Q
the only pathogenic genera or genus of family trypanosomatidae
A
Trypanosoma and Leishmania
4
Q
Species of Genus Trypanosoma that are pathogenic
A
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Trypanosoma cruz
5
Q
Species of Genus Leishmania that are pathogenic
A
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania Braziliensis
Leis hmania Donovani
6
Q
Genus of family trypanosomatidae that are not capable of human infection and can only act as a vector parasite
A
Leptomoans
Herpetomonas
Phytomonas
7
Q
shape of family trypanosomatidae
A
fusiform body
8
Q
Specie of genus trypanosoma that are classified as a brucei complex
A
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
9
Q
most of the morphologc form will exist in what shape (except for one)
A
fusiform or spindle shape
10
Q
location of the nucleus of family trypanosomatidae will vary and must be compared with the ___
A
kinetoplast
11
Q
an accessory body found in many
protozoa, primarily the Mastigophora; it contains
DNA and replicates independently
A
Kinetoplast
12
Q
most of the genus of trypanosomatidae uses which locomotor (except for one)
A
single flagellum
13
Q
kinetoplast is a collective term for what structure of a trypanosomatidae
A
Parabasal body
Blepharoplast
14
Q
a collective term or structure which consist of DNA fibril
A
kinetoplast
15
Q
a structure of kinetoplast that is associated with the nucleus
A
parabasal body
16
Q
a structure of kinetoplast that is the one attached to the axoneme
A
blepharoplast
17
Q
it will serve as a site for the growth of the axoneme
A
blepharoplast
18
Q
a structure near the nucleus in
certain parasitic flagellates.
A
parabasal body
19
Q
A basal body in certain flagellated
protozoans that consists of a minute mass of
chromatin embedded in the cytoplasm at the
base of the flagellum
A
blepharoplast
20
Q
found at inner portion/core where the origin of the flagella is found
A
axoneme
21
Q
4 stages of development
A
- Amastigote
- Promastigote
- Epimastogote
- Trypomastigote
22
Q
which among the 4 forms or stage are routinely recovered in the specimen
A
Amastigote
trypomastigote
23
Q
among the 4 stages of development, which stage is the diagnostic form of Leishmania
A
Amastigote
24
Q
most of the shape of a trypanosomatidae species are spindle or fusiform except for one which is the
A
specie in Amastigote form
25
amastigote is the only different in terms of shape, with that being said, what is the shape of an amastigote?
round to ovoidal
26
describe the nucleus of an amastigote form
off center and behind the kinetoplast
posteriorly located to kinetoplast
27
if the amastigote is non flagellated, what is the structure arising from the kinetoplast looking like a small flagella?
axoneme
28
___ arises from kinetoplast and
extend to anterior tip
axoneme
29
size of amastigote
2-3 um
30
amastigote forms are usually found in
intracellularly in monocytes,
endothelial cells
31
amastigote forms has a presence of large __
nucleus
32
promastigote is the diagnostic form of
leptomonas
33
which animal serves as the only vector for trypanosomatidae?
insects
34
shape of promastigote form
spindle or fusiform
35
diagnostic feature of promastigote
no undulating membrane
36
describe the nucleus of a promastigote
centrally located
posterior to kinetoplast
37
size of promastigote form
15 – 20 um 1.5 – 3.5 um
38
where or when we will be able to recover a promastigote form?
if we culture a sample
39
where can we only recover an epimastigote sample?
only in the body of a vector
40
the forms we can recover from a human sample
amastigote and trypomastigote forms
41
flagellum movement of a blood and tissue flagellate in a promastigote form
wavy or spiral
42
trypomastigote is a diagnostic form of what genera or genus
trypanosoma
43
epimastigote is a diagnostic form of what genera
crithidia
44
diagnostic feature of epimastigote
undulating membrane extending half of the body
45
trypomastigote is a diagnostic form of
trypanosoma
46
describe the nucleus in epimastigote form
off center and posteriorly located to kinetoplast
47
diagnostic feature of trypomastigote form
full body length undulating membrane
48
describe the nucleus found in trypomastigote form
located near or at the center and ANTERIORLY to kinetoplast
49
main site of infection of a mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
mucous membrane of the nose and the mouth
50
main site of infection of a visceral leishmaniasis
organ
51
Since the morphology of an amastigote form of leishmania is the same with each other, the doctor will only rely on ___ to determine which form of leishmania are in there,
clinical ground/ clinical manifestation and the history of the patient
52
The insect vector of leishmania
sandfly
53
main site of infection of a cutaneous leishmaniasis is the __
skin
54
3 forms of leishmaniasis or the 3 species recognized according to clinical
entities
cutaneous
mucocutaneous
viscera
55
the disease associated with leishmania is called
leishmaniasis
56
a form of leishmania that can be found in the body of an infected human
amastigote
57
what is the primary of mode of infection if leishmania
bite of the insect
58
Other name for leishmania tropica
aethiopica, major
59
a form of leishmania where we can found in the body of the insect or vector
promastigote
60
geographical distribution of leishmania tropica
Israel, Jordan, Iran, Portugal, Spain, Southern
France, North Africa, Southern France, North
Africa, Southeast Asia, countries in the
mediteranean, Europe, & Central America
61
what is the original form of a leishmania based on its life cycle
promastigote
62
based on the lecture , explain the life cycle of a leishmania
Promastigote form will infect the salivary gland of the sandfly --> once bitten, will facilitate the entry of the promastigote inside the body of the human host -> will invade the reticular epithelial cells --> it will transform into a next form called amastigote form. This amastigote can infect tissues, it will multiply and will enter the body of the vector again (sandfly) in a form of amastigote. It will enter the body of the vector once the insect bite the infected host --> once it was able to infect the vector, it will transform again to the original form which is the promastigote and will infect the salivary gland of the sandfly again
63
the specie of leishmaniasis involve cutaneously
Leishmania tropica
64
the specie of leishmaniasis involve mucocutaneously
Leishmania braziliensis
65
habitat of leishmania tropica
Lieshmania tropica is a parasite of skin
of human
- Lymphoid of skin tissue
1) Endothelial cells of capillaries of infected areas
2) Nearby lymph nodes
3) can multiply in mononuclear cells, neutrophilic leukocyte
66
sample we can use for leishmania tropica
sample of smear directly from the site of infection, we can't use blood for this one
67
is leishmania tropica disseminated?
nope, it's only cutaneous
68
3 diseases of leishmania tropica,
* Wet/ Rural cutaneous leishmaniasis
* Dry / urban cutaneous leishmaniasis
* Oriental Sore/ Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
69
how many weeks is the incubation period of leishmania tropica
2-4 weeks
70
the primary lesion of leishmania tropica will start in
reddish papule that looks like a mosquito bite
71
due to intensive scratching, leishmania tropica reddish papule can lead to ___
secondary bacterial infection and ulcer containing pus
72
what is the main clinical feature of leishmania tropica
ulcer formation containing pus
73
4 diagnosis method of leishmania tropica
smear of exudate ulcer edge
culture - NNM
biopsy of ulcer
serology
Dermal test
74
in smearing of sample for leishmania tropica, what are the stains we can use?
wright and giemsa stain
75
smearing and staining the sample coming directly from the site of infection, we will be able to identify and demonstrate the presence of lesihmania tropica in what form?
amastigote
please remember that amastigote form is the only form we can recover from a human sample when it comes with leishmania
76
cultures we can use for leishmania tropica
NNM
Nubine, Nichol, Mc Neil
77
Serology test for leishmania tropica will serve as a ___ for the presence of the specie.
confirmatory test
78
the most common serologic test for leishmania tropica nowawdays
ELISA
79
an example of dermal test for leishmania tropica
montenegro skin/dermal test
80
Is montenegro dermal test a confirmatory test for leishmania tropica?
no, this one is only for screening and can’t be used for diagnostic tool
81
drugs or treatment we can use for treating leishmania tropica infection
Fuadin
Berberine sulfate 2% solution
Pentosam
82
among the 3 medicine given for treating leishmaniasis, which one is the most effective?
Fuadin
83
other name for leishmania brazilliensis
panamensis, peruviana, guyanensis
84
synonym name for leishmania braziliensis which related tropica specie
leishmania tropica variety americana
85
geographical distribution of leishmania braziliensis
central and west africa
86
habitat of leishmania braziliensis
tissue cell, endothelial cell, monocyte, mucous membrane, nose mouth & pharynx
87
can we use a blood sample for leishmania braziliensis?
nope, as it cannot be found in peripheral blood
88
life cycle of leishmania brailiensis
same with leishmania tropica
89
insect vector of leishmania braziliensis
) Lutzomyia
2) Psychodopygus
90
disease name or diseases associated for leishmania braziliensis
Espundia /
American/leishmaniasis Uta /
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis/
New World
Leishmaniasis
91
which pathological symptoms is this
invasion of tissue accepted w/ rapid necrosis -->
deep, eroding, fungating & infiltrating ulcer
leishmania braziliensis
92
method of diagnosis for leishmania braziliensis
smear from ulcer
serology
culture
93
the serological test we can use for leishmania braziliensis
IFA - immunofluorescent assay
94
Culture we can use for leishmania braziliensis
NNM
Nubi, nichol, mc neil
95
drugs or treatment for leishmania braziliensis infection
fuadin
berberine sulfate
96
which leishmania specie is WORLDWIDE distributed
Leishmania donovani
97
geographical distribution of leishmania donovani
WORLDWIDE– India, Asia, Southern, Russia,
Northern China, East Africa, all countries
bordering Mediteranean
98
where is the main focus of infection of leishmania donovani
visceral organs
99
what is the habitat of leishmania donovani
Endothelial cells of visceral organ, Spleen
liver, Intestinal mucosa, Mesenteric glands
100
can leishmania donovani disseminate?
yes, can be disseminate because it‘s the organs affected
101
insect vector of leishmania donovani
1. Phlebotomus argentipis
2. P. chinensis
3. Lutzomyia
102
among the insect vector of leishmania donovani, which one(s) are for donovani and infantum,
and which one (s) is for chagasi species
1. Phlebotomus argentipis
2. P. chinensis
= for donovani and infantum
Lutzomyia
= for chagasi species
103
diseases associated with leishmania donovani
kala azar
visceral or death fever
dum dum fever
104
incubation period of leishmania donovani
2-4 weeks
105
main clinical feature of leishmania donovani
Hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly
106
the early stage of leishmania donovani infection can resemble ___
malaria
107
what are the complications that can be noted for leishmania donovani infection
diarrhea and anemia
108
one of the disease associated with leishmania donovani that is about the darkening of skin
kala azar
109
kala azar is an indian term which means
black fever
110
method of diagnosis for leishmania donovani
blood and tissue smear
serological test
111
drugs for treating leishmania donovai infection
1. Potassium antimony tartrate
2. Antimony tartrate
3. Neostibosan
4. Hydroxy stilbamidine
5. Isethionate
112
