LAB 1 - MICROSCOPE

Question 1

It uses glass lenses to bend and focus light rays and
create magnified images of small objects.

Answer 1

light microscope

Question 2

It forms a dark image against a brighter background

Answer 2

BRIGHT FIELD MICRSOCOPE

Question 3

lenses magnification starting from scanner to OIO

Answer 3

Scanner - 4x
LPO - 10x
HPO 40x
OIO 100 x

Question 4

what is the refractive index of the cedar wood oil the glass has 1.5 refraction?

Answer 4

1.5

Question 5

It decreases the amount of diffraction or bending
of light rays since it has the same refractive index
as glass, resolution must be at 100x

Answer 5

cedar wood oil

Question 6

It enhances resolution and it is used to fill the space
between the objective lens and glass slide. Give the given example provided in the lab.

Answer 6

Cedar wood oil

Question 7

It prevents light rays from dispersing and changing
wavelength after passing thru the samples

Answer 7

any mineral oil; lab based - cedar wood oil

Question 8

a part of microscope where you Observes specimen, re-magnifies the image form by the
objective lens

Answer 8

Eye Piece Lenses (Ocular Lenses)

Question 9

To compensate for observer’s eyesight in the left and
right eyes

Answer 9

Diopter Adjustment Ring

Question 10

It determines the distance between the two eyes.

Answer 10

Interpupillary Distance Scale

Question 11

A monocular or binocular tube which transmits the
image from the objective lens to ocular

Answer 11

Observation tube

Question 12

It is used for holding the microscope

Answer 12

Arm

Question 13

It holds the objectives
 Rotating this part easily changes the magnification of
the objectives

Answer 13

Revolving nosepiece

Question 14

Are the primary lenses that magnify the specimen

Answer 14

Objective lenses

Question 15

Are the most important parts of the microscope which
must produce a clear image

Answer 15

Objective lenses

Question 16

The higher the magnification number of an objective,
the greater the detail seen in specimen parts

Answer 16

Objective lenses

Question 17

It focuses light through the specimen

Answer 17

Condenser

Question 18

This incorporates a lens which collects illumination light
on the stage so that the objectives can perform at full
capability

Answer 18

Condenser

Question 19

which objective magnification is used if the one you are observing is an adult form of parasite?

Answer 19

LPO or Scanner

Question 20

It permits detailed examination of internal structures
in living organisms

Answer 20

phase contrast microscopy

Question 21

It is used to identify medically important fungi grown
in culture.

Answer 21

PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

Question 22

in phase contrast microscpe, The phase differences are seen through the
the microscope as different degrees of ___

Answer 22

brightness

Question 23

do we need to stain specimen in phase contrast microscope?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

2 types of light sources in phase contrast microscope

Answer 24

direct light and difracted light

Question 25

It involves excitation of flourochrome by light

Answer 25

FLOURESCENT MICROSCOPY

Question 26

Fluorescence microscope It uses which light and emit which light

Answer 26

it uses uv light and emit uv light

Question 27

fluorescent microscope It use ___ to stain microorganisms

Answer 27

fluorochrome (dyes)g

Question 28

give some example of fluorochrome (dyes)

Answer 28

acridine orange, auramine and rhodamine, calcofluor white and fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC)

Question 29

what is the fluorochrome dye used in histology and bacte?

Answer 29

Acridine orange in histo and auramine rhodamine in bacte

Question 30

It uses darkfield condenser that blocks light that would enter the objective directly

Answer 30

DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY

Question 31

It directs the light to hit the specimen at an oblique angle, all other light that passes through the specimen will miss the objective, thus making the background a darkfield (organisms appear extremely bright against a black field

Answer 31

DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY

Question 32

dark field microscope is used to detect which parasite?

Answer 32

spirochetes (Treponema pallidum)

Question 33

do we need o stain specimen in dark field microscope?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

It uses electrons instead of light to visualize small objects. or as a source of light

Answer 34

electron microscope

Question 35

It uses electromagnetic fields instead of lenses to form an image on a fluorescent screen like a television screen

Answer 35

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Question 36

what is the advantage of electron microscope

Answer 36

Advantages: objects smaller than 0.2um can be visualized using this type of microscope with 100,000x magnification: resolving power is greater

Question 37

electron are useful for studying

Answer 37

for studying viruses fungi and microsporidian parasites

Question 38

resolution of electron microscope

Answer 38

Resolution: 0.5nm

Question 39

fixative of electron microscope

Answer 39

Fixatives: glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide

Question 40

dehydrating agents of electron microscope

Answer 40

alcohol or acetone

Question 41

stains for electron microscope

Answer 41

lead citrate and uranyl acetate

Question 42

2 types of elctron microscope

Answer 42

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 43

a type of electron microscope that needs Ultra-thin preparation of sample and Allows to examine sample in different layers

Answer 43

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 44

a type of electron microscope that only scans the surface of specimens

Answer 44

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 45

is a measure of the relative velocity at which light passes through a material.

Answer 45

Refractive Index

Question 46

it refers to ability of the lenses to separate closely distant objects.

Answer 46

Resolving Power

Question 47

- it is necessary to make objects stand out from the background. It is achieved by staining techniques

Answer 47

Contrast

Question 48

for mula for total magnification

Answer 48

Total magnification = Magnification of the Objective Lens X Magnification of the Ocular Lens

Question 49

fertilized or unfertilized more rounded

Answer 49

fertilized

Question 50

fertilized or unfertilized thin shell

Answer 50

unfertilized

Question 51

what does it mean if it's corticaited

Answer 51

it has outer coating

Question 52

what does it mean if it's decorticated

Answer 52

no outer coating in the shell

Question 53

a distinct characteristic of trichuris trichuria/trichiura

Answer 53

bipolar plugs

Question 54

shape of trischuris trichuria/trichiura

Question 55

stain used for trischuris

Answer 55

saline

Question 55

stains used for ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 55

iodine

Question 56

stain used for taenia

Answer 56

saline