Finals - trematodes Flashcards
1
Q
flukes which Resides in a specific organ
A
Organ Dwelling Flukes
2
Q
(reproduction would take place via
self-fertilization
A
Monoecious
3
Q
reproduction type of organ dwelling flukes
A
Monoecious
4
Q
shape of an adult form of organ dwelling flukes
A
Leaf-like or lancet-like; adult forms are non-segmented
5
Q
diagnostic feature of organ dwelling flukes
A
Operculated eggs
6
Q
A
7
Q
intermediate host requirement for organ dwelling flukes
A
2 (snails serve as 1st IH; 2nd IH includes another snail,
aquatic vegetation/fruit, fresh water fish or crustacean)
8
Q
MOT of organ dwelling flukes
A
Ingestion, oral fecal route
9
Q
infective stage of organ dwelling flukes
A
Metacercaria
10
Q
life cycle tru arrows of organ dwelling flukes
A
Egg
L1: miracidium
L2: sporocyst
L3: redia
L4: cercaria
L5: metacercaria
adult
11
Q
list down the liver flukes
A
- Fasciola hepatica
- Fasciola gigantica
- Clonorchis sinensis
- Opistorchis felineus
- Opistorchis viverrini
12
Q
list down the intestinal flukes
A
- Fasciolopsis buski
- Echinostoma ilocanum
- Heterophyes heterophyes
13
Q
list down the pancreatic fluke
A
Eurytrema pancreaticum
14
Q
list down the lung fluke
A
Paragonimus westermani
15
Q
list down the blood flukes
A
- Schistosoma japonicum
- Schistosoma mansoni
- Schistosoma haematobium
- Schistosoma mekongi
- Schistosoma interculatum
16
Q
type of fluke which Resides in blood vessels
A
Blood Flukes
17
Q
(separate sexes; there would
male and female adult forms, thus copulation
serves as means for reproduction
A
Dioecious
18
Q
Segmented body because of separate sexes
A
Blood Flukes
19
Q
aside from operculated egg as a diagnostic feature of blood fluke, what can we seen as well on it?
A
; SPINE location seen in eggs
20
Q
genus of blood flukes
A
Schistosoma
21
Q
intermediate host of blood flukes
A
1 (snails serve as the only IH)
22
Q
MOT of blood flukes
A
Skin penetration
23
Q
infective stage of blood flukes
A
Cercaria (free-swimming form)
24
Q
life cycle try arrow of blood flukes
A
Egg
L1: miracidium
L2: sporocyst
L3: cercaria
adult
25
___ refers to cercaria that
enters/penetrates the human host.
Schistosomulum
26
When it undergoes changes inside the body such as
losing its tail, it is now called __
Schistosomule
27
since they don't have a mouth for eating anus for excretion
they Have an outer surface called __ for absorption and excretion
tegument
28
3 types of suckers
Oral suckers (used for feeding),
Ventral sucker (used for attachment),
Genital sucker
29
__ stages are found in man & animals
Adult
30
___ stages are found in the
intermediate host
Larval
31
Fasciola hepatica common name
Sheep liver fluke, temperate liver fluke
32
Fasciola hepatica disease
Fascioliasis
33
MOT of fasciola hepatica
Ingestion
34
first intermediate host of F.hepatica
Lymnea spp. (Lymnea philippinensis, Lymnea
Auricularia rubiginosa)
35
2nd IH of hepatica
Ipomea obscura, Nasturtium officinale (Water cress, counterpart in PH: kangkong)
36
def host of hepatica
Sheep, cattle
37
what type of host is human for hepatica
accidental
38
habitat of hepatica
Liver and bile ducts after passing the liver
39
infective stage of hepatica
Metacercaria
40
diagnostic stage for hepatica
Operculated ova
41
describe the egg for hepatica
* Ovoidal
* Operculated – diagnostic feature
* Contains undeveloped miracidium
42
adult form of hepatica
* Presence of cephalic cone
* Presence of broad shoulders
43
Acute stage
clinical manifestation of hepatica
affects intestinal wall
* Symptoms: necrotic lesions, hepatomegaly, fever with eosinophilia
44
Chronic stage
clinical manifestation of hepatica
Symptoms: severe jaundice, obstruction and
abscess formation, can be ectopic
45
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
46
Cholelithiasis
– stones in gallbladder
47
clinical manifestation for untreated cases
Liver cirrhosis
48
diagnosis of hepatica
1. Stool examination
2. Concentration Technique
3. Serological Test
4. Radiological test
5. PCR
49
Fasciola gigantica common name
Giant liver fluke,
tropical liver fluke
50
Largest of all
liver flukes
Fasciola gigantica
51
* Presence of
cephalic cone
* Presence of
shoulders but
less prominent
fasciola hepatica
52
Clonorchis sinensis common name
Chinese liver fluke, oriental liver fluke
53
disease for clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
54
source of infection for sinensis
Ingestion of 2nd IH
55
1st IH of sinensis
Bulimus fuchsiana, Alocinma sp., Parafossarulus sp
56
2nd IH of sinensis
Ctenopharyngodon idaellus, Cobitidae fishes
57
habitat of sinensis
Liver, bile ducts and gallbladder
58
infective stage of sinensis
Metacercaria
59
diagnostic stage for sinensis
Mature ova
60
for clonochis sinensis. There will be a Thickened areas called __ at the sides of the operculum. Some books call this as shoulders.
opercular rings
61
for sinensis
opposite the operculum, similar with
D. latum
Abopercular knob
62
the egg of sinensis has what type of larva
Contains developed miracidium
63
* Lacks cephalic cone
* Lacks shoulders
* One or both ends have narrow, tapered ends
* Broad midpart of the body
* Appearance of branched testes
clonorchis sinensis
64
cancer of gallbladder
Cholangiocarcinoma
65
diagnosis for sinensis
1. Stool examination
2. String test/Enterotest – source of specimen is duodenal
contents
3. Complement Fixation
4. Intradermal Test
5. ELISA – cheap, most practical and popular
66
Fasciolopsis buski common name
Large or giant intestinal fluke
67
MOT of fasciolopsis buski
Ingestion
68
1st IH of buski
Snail (Segmentina/Hippeutis)
69
2nd host of fasciolopsis buski
Water chestnuts & lotus (Trapa bicornis,
Eliocharis tuberosa, Ipomea obscura)
70
def host of buski
Pig & humans
71
habitat of buski
Intestine (Duodenum & Jejunum)
72
infective stage of buski
Metacercariae
73
diagnostic stage of buski
Eggs in stool
74
eggs of buski
* Embryonation of eggs takes 1-2 weeks
* Ellipsoidal with a thin shell
* Usually small, indistinct operculum
* Identical to F. hepatica and F. gigantica
75
buski's adult form
* Lacks cephalic cone and shoulders
* Broad body all throughout
76
clinical manifestation of buski
* Intestinal obstruction
* Intoxication
* Vitamin B12 malabsorption
77
symptoms of buski
* Colic
* Diarrhea
* Vomiting
* Edema
78
Paragonimus westermani common name
Oriental Lung Fluke
79
MOT of westermani
Ingestion through mouth. Consumption of raw or undercooked infected freshwater crustaceans
80
1st IH of westermanni
Freshwater snail (Antemelania aspirate, Antemalania ductylus)
81
2nd IH of westermanni
Freshwater crab (Parathelphusa philippina) or crayfish (Cambarus, Astacus)
82
def host of westermanni
Humans & a variety of carnivores
83
habitat of westermanni
Lungs
84
infective stage of westermani
Metacercariae
85
diagnostic stage for westermani
Eggs in sputum & stool
86
describe the egg of westermani
* Operculated
* With opercular rings
* No abopercular knob
* Terminal shell thickening found at the opposite of the operculum
87
the opposite side of the operculum for westermani has
thickening shell
88
Spiny, thorny cuticle surrounding the outer part (diagnostic form)
westermani
89
westermani's clinical manifestations
* Lung abscess
* Abscess in ectopic sites (Subcutaneous creeping Eruption)
* Toxemia
* Jacksonian epilepsy
* Extrapulmonary fluke because it can infect
their organs such as the brain
* May mimic Pulmonary Tuberculosis
90
coughing up blood
Hemoptysis
91
color of the sputum for patients infected by westermani
rusty brown or blood tinge
92
diagnosis for westermani
1. Stool examination
2. Concentration exam
3. Sputum analysis: 3% NaOH + Sputum → Centrifuge (vortex machine) → Examine sediment
4. Chest x-ray
5. Serological test
93
associated with Schistosoma species;
this refers to hypersensitivity reaction with the schistosomule that migrates
via the bloodstream
Katayama fever
94
Schistosoma japonicum disease name
Schistosomiasis, Katayama fever, Yangtze Valley River fever, Hankaw fever
95
schistosoma japonicum blood fluke
Oriental blood fluke
96
MOT of schistosoma
Skin penetration
97
Ih of japonicum
Snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi – Oncomelania is endemic in the PH)
98
def host of japonicum
Humans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, cattle, deer & rodents
99
habitat of japonicum
Veins of small intestine
100
infective stage of japonicum
Cercariae
101
diagnostic stage of japonicum
Eggs in stool; liver biopsy
102
eggs of japnicum
* Lateral, small, rounded spine
* More rounded or ovoidal in shape
* Developed miracidium
103
Dermatitis of japonicum
Cercarial itch, Swimmer’s itch, Gulf coast itch, Clam diggers itch
104
clinical manifestation of japonicum
1. Dermatitis
2. Pneumonitis
3. Weakness
4. Trauma in the intestinal wall
5. Hepatitis
6. Eosinophilia
7. Toxemia
8. Adults in copula can lay eggs in ectopic site (results in tubercle
formation)
9. Ascites – accumulation of fluid in the body cavities
10. Hepatosplenomegaly
105
main clinical manifestation of japonicum
Hepatosplenomegaly
106
diagnosis of japonicum
1. Stool examination
2. Kato-Katz
3. COPT (Circum Oval Precipitin Test)
4. Culture Technique (Faust and Meleney Egg Hatching Technique)
5. Serological Test
* Complement Fixation
* Cercarial Agglutination
* ELISA
* IHAT
107
Schistosoma mansoni common name
Manson’s blood fluke, smallest blood fluke
108
disease for mansoni
Schistosomiasis, intestinal schistosomiasis,
bilharziasis “snail fever
109
IH for mansoni
Snail (Biomphalaria sp. & Tropicorbis sp.)
110
def host for mansoni
Humans, baboons & rodents
111
habitats for mansoni
Veins of large intestine
112
diagnostic stage for mansoni
Eggs in stool; rectal or liver biopsy
113
* Prominent lateral spine near the posterior
end
* Tapered and slightly curved anterior end
* Developed miracidium
Schistosoma mansoni
114
schistosoma adult form is Recovered in ___
copula
115
Schistosoma haematobium disease
Urinary schistosomiasis, schistosomal
hematuria, urinary bilharziasis
116
IH of haematobium
Snail (Bulinus, Physopsis, and
Biomphalaria sp.)
117
def host of haematobium
Humans, monkeys & baboons
118
habitat of haematobium
Veins of urinary bladder
119
diagnostic stage for haematobium
Eggs in urine; cystoscopy
120
egg of haematobium
* Large
* Prominent terminal spine at posterior
end
121
clinical manifestation of haematobium
1. Lesions in urinary bladder (Hematuria)
2. Burning sensation when urinating
3. Develop Urogenital malignant tumor
